• Summary: Riot losses are estimated at $10 million, enough to classify Baltimore as a catastrophe area—although it is learned that federal disaster relief does not cover riots and civil disorder. Chief Battaglia, Majors Shanahan, Schnabel and Harris notified. The Inspectional Services Division was notified immediately. 1720 Disorderly crowds reported in the 400, 500 blocks of Gay Street. Their shock, anger and fear were best described by one cab driver who said, “Anything can happen now – and I do mean anything.” Despite the violence, which had burst out in cities across the country, Baltimoreans prayed with the President that violence would be denied a victory. With that, I fired one round in the air, which caused people to scatter. Bomb to go off at 12:30. 1420 Chief Thomas of the Fire Department reported that every fire in the city was under control at 1400 hours. 1805 Chief Wett of the Fire Department said all fires were under control as of 6:00 p.m. 1901 In the 36-hour period from 0700 hours Saturday, April 6, 1968 to 1900 hours Sunday April 7, 1968 the Baltimore Police Department received 7, 647 calls for police service. . There are only 10 new lootings on this day. Those who had broken out glass, or looted were tried one at a time. In the 800 block of W. Baltimore St., another furniture store is looted. Fires on Harford Ave., from Federal St. to North Ave., are reported. The worst of the rioting appears to be taking place on the west side. • Night—a shooting is reported at Lennox and Callow, and also at Franklin and Warwick Ave. At Division and Wilson, two fires break out. In order to assist the Commanding General of the Task Force Baltimore in meeting his deadline, this overview of activities engaged in by the Baltimore Police Department during the period beginning 0600 hours April 5, 1968 to 0600 hours April 12, 1968 has been prepared. Police confiscate a loaded pistol from a man at Monroe St. and Wilkens Ave. • 11:45 p.m.—The Fire Department refuses ambulance service for non-emergency sick cases. Agnew releases a proclamation allowing banks to remain closed this day if the managers find it necessary. The foot patrolman reached our car and the Lieutenant asked, “What’s happening?” The officer said, “I don’t know. When crediting the use of portions from this site or materials within that are copyrighted by us please use the citation: Used with permission of the University of Baltimore. If you have any requests or questions regarding the use of the transcript or supporting documents, please contact us: Langsdale Library Special Collections Department 1420 Maryland Avenue Baltimore, MD 21201-5779 http://archives.ubalt.edu, Martin Luther King Jr. is awarded an honorary degree – doctor of law — at Morgan State College. established a Web presence for its work on "Baltimore '68." Deputy Commissioners Murdy and Poole advised him that we believe it better to wait until Monday. 0309 Shooting 1800 Block W. Fairmount Avenue investigated by 706 Car – unfounded. • 11 p.m.—Police struggle with a fire hydrant after firefighters leave for fear of snipers. Has no private security. In addition he acquired, as a result of prior [planning, 22 Baltimore City Public School buses for the transportation of prisoners and troops, as well as one 20 ton stake-body truck for the purpose of transporting recovered loot. 2329 Army personnel reported rifle discharged from roof 2226 Eutaw – could not be confirmed by 306 Car. A store is looted and burned in the 2300 block of Hollins Ferry Road. Car 724 (veh#9682) responded. More than 80 percent of those booked since Saturday are tried. Just two months before, the president-elect opted to sneak through Baltimore under cover of darkness, to avoid a possible assassination plot. Looters will not be shot except in self-defense as described in the previous sentence. Twenty shotguns are ordered sent up from the Armory, and four cruisers are sent to disperse a crowd of hundreds of youths at Ashland and Central Ave. At Monument and Bond, a pawn shop is looted. The windows were all knocked out but the cash register was still intact. 2051 Chief Judge I. Sewell Lamdin of the Municipal Court advised he was police headquarters building and had sufficient judges to hold hearings. 1620 All districts were advised that military vehicles could obtain gasoline and oil from city-owned fueling stations in the Central Garage. Guardsmen enter projects in attempt to find the sniper. I approached and handcuffed both of them and brought them back to the car. The scene is similar to a previous time in history that was marred by turmoil -- the Baltimore riots of 1968. • Afternoon—Looting and burning continues. The rioting appears to decline at normal meal times. Holly St., there is looting and burning of grocery and liquor stores. .1228 EST. This national gathering of experts, included scholars across disciplines as varied as race relations, civic A lot of children were also willing participants, following the example of the adults. • Summary: Fires, looting large-scale disorderly crowds. This period began on Sunday morning. The Baltimore riot of 1968 was a period of civil unrest that lasted from April 6 to April 14, 1968, in Baltimore. The highlight of the events was a conference exploring the effects of the riots and the many efforts at All are false. The city jail remains filled beyond capacity. Along Gilmore from Baltimore St. to Franklin St., a string of discount drug and liquor stores is burglarized. Lyndon Johnson, riveted the attention of the nation, which Different degrees of unrest … Read MoreThe Martin Luther King Assassination Riots (1968) 1336 Lt. Gen. York called Emergency Headquarters Command Post to state that memorial parades in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King should be condoned and protected. Fires are being successfully battled, but the looting gets worse. These networks provided communication with 670 police vehicles. 1935 Lieutenant Rawlings reports the following concerning a meeting at Douglas Memorial Church: “No anger overtone on persons attending meeting. By Sunday evening 7 April, 5000 paratroopers, combat engineers, and artillerymen from the XVIII Airborne Corps in Fort Bragg, North Carolina, specially trained in riot control tactics, including sniper school, were on the streets of Baltimore with fixed bayonets, and equipped with chemical (CS) disperser backpacks. . We must continue to be ever vigilant in the interests of our community. Looters take to the streets again shortly after that, raiding 18 stores and lighting nine 9 fires. • 8:30 p.m.—Some city policemen are pinned down behind cars by two or three snipers firing from upper floors of the Flag House housing project in the 1000 block of E. Lombard St. “Real Victim – Property owners and tenants alike both colored and white have become innocent victims of violence which has rocked Baltimore in the last few days. . In the time allotted, it has not been possible to exploit all of the source documents and witnesses to fully repot the commitment of forces in Baltimore city during the period of disorder. 0650 No Arrests reported between 6:00 A.M. and 7:00 A.M., Grand total 5,704 April 11, 1968. Your dedication and devotion to duty and your demonstrated restraint under the most trying conditions possible have been outstanding. In the 1000 block of W. Baltimore St., a surplus store is hit by a multi-alarm fire. One was to North Avenue and Greenmount. Operations Bureau Manpower Strength Report. A one hour warning is given before curfew violators are arrested. Grand total of 5307 arrests. Rioting reported near the Murphy Homes at Myrtle Ave. and Hoffman. 1610 Major Pomrenke and Major Rowlett ordered to stand by at Emergency Headquarters Command Post. Rocks are thrown at firefighters and newsmen at the scene, and hundreds watch the massive flames for 90 minutes through three alarms. Submitted to Deputy Commissioner Keyes. This is a rooming house. . Field Command Post located at Presstman and Appleton Streets with Major Donald T. Shanahan in command of Field Command Post Headquarters. • Summary: About 5,700 National Guardsmen remain to patrol the streets. *************************************************************. 0340 Deputy Commissioners Poole and Keyes and Major Pomrenke were relived by replacements. Also Officer Blessing, Inspectional Services Division. Accident 1 c/f died in auto collision with police vehicle. On Pennsylvania Ave., in the 900 block of North Ave., and the 600 block of Gay St., lootings are reported. No gas will be used without direct authority of the Chief of Patrol, Deputy Commissioner of Operations or the Police commissioner.”. West Baltimore hospitals treat fewer patients. In the 100 block of E. Lafayette Ave., another bar is looted. 0853 The National Guard asked for assistance in dispersing a large crowd on Gay Street. 1915 (Delayed entry) Press release in response to Governor Agnew by Civil Rights leaders received by Director Morrissey from Dan Riker, Bureau Chief of Untied Press International. Hundreds of fires are reported. The mood of the crowds is “uglier” than on Saturday. 1604 The Commissioner asked Col. Lally to use his influence in getting more aggressive action initiated repressive patrol and total commitment by the National Guard. Within a half-hour we had the same situation occurring in the Northwestern District of Pennsylvania Avenue from north of the police station all the way up Pennsylvania Avenue. After King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on 4 April, 1968, rioting broke out in 125 cities across the United States. Looting takes place on Monroe St. below Franklin, where witnesses describe the looters as “middle aged.” The mood of the rioters has grown worse. . Twenty-four hour service was maintained for the maintenance of armory equipment. Behind him, a way’s off, was a crowd of 170 to 200 black people going north on Gay Street and as they moved along, they were breaking out the plate glass windows in all the stores. 1505 Captain Ridgeley reported threat to Maryland Health Department at 2300 North Charles Street – unfounded. Commissioner Pomerleau, Deputy Commissioner Poole and Murdy departed Emergency Command Post. • 6 p.m.—Troops from the 18th Corps Airborne Artillery are bused into Druid Hill Park from Andrews Air Force base in Prince George County. • 2.30 p.m.—A grocery store and home at 1700 Madison Ave., looted Sunday night, are burned. 2220 Commissioner Pomerleau notified General Ogletree that trouble was spreading west and he anticipated problems in the Park Heights area. V. Stepter. The riot in Baltimore didn’t start until two days after King’s death. Colonel Fowler commanded a Task Force in Western, Central, and Northwestern Districts.These two Task Forces had no fixed post, but enforced the curfew and coordinated with district police commanders. . Gasoline sales and other inflammables are banned (except in cars). Civil Defense stated that 234 persons had been treated in hospitals during the disturbance to date. 2025 Deputy Attorney General Robert Sweeney called on behalf of Governor Agnew to instruct that Danny Gant of CORE should be released on his own recognizance. King’s funeral service is held in Atlanta. They tear away protective iron gratings and loot the store. 1536 Sniper fire at Pulaski and Fayette – unfounded. Investigated by unit 726, no bomb found. County fire companies begin to be placed on stand-by. The owner also responded to the ADT alarm and was in the process of extinguishing the blaze when police arrived. On North and Patterson Park, the 100 block of E. Lanvale St., the 2100 block of Normandy Ave., the first block of N. Hilton St., the 600 block of Mt. Police and Military personnel had used the fire equipment left by the Fire Department. Agnew reportedly doesn’t believe them. At Edmondson Village Shopping Center, three stores have shattered windows. The riot area comprises 1,000 square blocks, bounded roughly by 23rd St. on the north, Poplar Grove St. on the west, Baltimore St. on the south and Broadway on the east. 0130 Deputy Commissioner Keyes reported he was attempting to arrange for additional confinement areas. 2005 Maryland State Police advised Colonel Lally they would have 300 to 400 men ready by 2100 hours. • Late afternoon—Tensions rise between whites and blacks in the South Broadway area and along W. Pratt St. After one man objects to being frisked, police begin to use mace to subdue uncooperative curfew violators. We could hear the crowd shouting and hollering going on down the street and we could hear the glass breaking. Your individual and collective efforts have been truly professional. We can all be proud of being members of the Baltimore Coty Police Department. Echoing previous efforts at determining the source of black uprisings that swept the country in the 1960s, the Maryland Crime Investigating Commission concluded that "the riot in Baltimore must be attributed to two elements — 'white racism' and the economic oppression of … • Summary: Repairs and assessments continue. We were locking up 50 to 75 people at a time just trying to get a handle on the situation. Task Force 200 troops at Kirk Field. Homicide 1 c/m shot in self defense by police officer. The intersection of Fulton Ave. and Baker St. is cordoned off. 1720 (Delayed entry) Meeting of civil rights group at Douglas Memorial Church has ended. 1946 Large crowd was reported at Baltimore and Gay Streets. 1503 FBI Supervisor Maurice Garrison relayed that SNIC was going to Mondawmin Shopping center. Baltimore '68: Riots and Rebirth Overview Introduction For two weeks in April 1968, beginning in the dark hours following the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., the city of Baltimore was devastated by a series of civil disturbances that left six dead, dozens injured and hundreds of properties, both private and public, burned, shattered and in ruins. I saw a Lieutenant I knew and we started talking about cases we had been on together. The car leaves for the hospital. 1445 Lieutenant Rawlings advises at approximately 1438 hours 50 Negro leaders left State Office Building from conference with Governor and are enroute to Douglas Memorial Church located at Madison and Lafayette Streets. Because of the exigencies of the moment, the entries are fragmentary and are presented merely as an overview. The Baltimore Police Department remained on twelve-hour shifts. . • Mid afternoon—Telephone exchanges are jammed. As I got out of the car, I saw a young boy, maybe 9 or 10 years old coming out the door. Governor Agnew called Mayor D’Alesandro and requested a prompt report. When I went back to the alley to retrieve the whiskey, it was gone. The wave of looting appears to go from liquor stores, to electrical appliance stores, then food stores, followed by pawn shops for firearms, then jewelry stores and loan shops for money and valuables. Baltimore today is a reflection of Baltimore in 1968 By Elizabeth Pierson 2015-05-01 02:15:35 UTC In April 1968, riots devastated Baltimore in the wake of … • 12:15 p.m.—Cordon lifted. 1730 Burial of Dr. Martin Luther King concluded. During a news conference he presses the federal government to pass a fair housing law and calls for Americans to begin electing persons to office based on their ability and not their skin color. • Summary for the day: Three killed, 70 hurt, 100 arrested, high levels of violence, looting downtown, 250 fire alarms. This Department has 10 detention facilities with a total capacity of approximately 1,000. A fire is reported at W. North Ave, and surrounding stores are burglarized. 1930 Major W. W. Corbin, Assistant Chief of Operations, Maryland State Police, was requested by Commissioner Pomerleauto send the Maryland State police to the staging area at the State Office Building. Teletype D-1535. It is anticipated that additional reports will be prepared and submitted to the Commanding General. The Baltimore Riot of 1968 was primarily caused by the death of Martin Luther King Jr. on April 4, 1968. 0958 Councilman Alpert requested detail at 833 Madiera Avenue (728-8700). • 10:30 p.m.—Reports of sniper fire in the 4000 block Edmondson Ave. Sniper activity also at Baltimore and Monroe streets. A shooting reported in the 100 block of S. Exeter St. forces city firefighters to abandon attempts to put out a raging fire in Smelkinson’s dairy store in the 1000 block of E. Lombard. • Midnight—Fresh gunfire at Flag House Housing Project draws police back. When viewed in retrospect, it becomes crystal clear that the cooperation between this Department, the military, Maryland State Police, the courts, prosecutor’s staff, the Attorney General’s Office, Civil Defense, Fire Department, and others, was so outstanding that the violence and destruction emanating from the civil disorders were held to a minimum, which in turn, contributed to the small number of persons killed and injured. After King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on 4 April 1968, rioting broke out in 125 cities across the United States. During four days of looting, 288 liquor-related establishments were burned or looted, and 190 food stores vandalized. Sniper Reports for the Period 0800 April 9, to 0600 April 10, 1968. 0129 A Youth Music Festival scheduled for the Civic Center on Sunday was canceled. At the city jail, inmates briefly refuse to return to cells after lunch. 2138 A store fire was reported at Lafayette and Guilford Avenues. The greatest number of reports, looting, and fires, received between 8:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. on Sunday night. Thursday night in Baltimore found its citizens apprehensive and confused as to what events would follow the death of Dr. Martin Luther King, prominent civil rights leader, who was killed by an unidentified sniper in Memphis, Tennessee. The Baltimore Riot of 1968 was an uprising of black Baltimoreans lasting from April 6 to April 14. More gunfire is heard at Baker and Gilmore, at Exeter and Monroe and Fairmount Ave. Tuesday, April 9, 1968 • Basic Information: The arrest total since 6 p.m. Saturday stands at 4,424. In other districts of the city we would have calls come in for “Breaking and Entering” and many burglaries were taking place. There are 1,150 fires, 1,150 lootings and nearly 5,000 arrests since the riots’ beginning. As a result of pre-planning, the Headquarters Command Post consisted of the following communication capabilities: One base console – 155.61 megacycles which transmits and monitors the. Royal Ave. and Monroe St. on North Ave. has been hit. Baltimore Police Department Tactical Forces joined National Guard at Harford Avenue to proceed to Pennsylvania Avenue to sweep Pennsylvania Avenue. Deputy Commissioner Poole recommended that one section be deployed along Park Heights Avenue as far south as Park Circle. Another 1,900 federal troops move into Baltimore in the afternoon, setting up field headquarters at the zoo. All restrictions on the sale, transfer or dispensing of gasoline in Baltimore City and Baltimore County shall be of no further and are removed as of 12-00 o’clock, Noon, April 11, 1968. In 2008, the 40th anniversary of King's death, the University of Baltimore Eastern High School is repurposed as a refugee center. • Evening—Curfew is relaxed, with the hours set from 7 p.m. to 5 a.m. for Tuesday evening into Wednesday morning. The City Solicitor suggested a gradual buildup beginning with the Maryland State Police. 0335 Preliminary figures showed 273 arrests, which reported a looter, wounded by a police officer in self-defense, and three dead. 1328 The Dickman Street Garage was opened 24 hours a day, until further notice. All personnel of the Department has been on duty — the off shift was divided between second line and first line units causing both to be over normal operating strength. 1530 Mr. Kalman Hettleman, Aide to the Mayor, was advised in response to his inquiry that Stuart Wechsler, CORE leader, arrested as a curfew violator had been transferred from Eastern District to the City jail at approximately 1500 hours. The rest of the walls in the hallways were white marble halfway up. Looting at a liquor store at Baker St. and Fulton Ave. is reported. Both judges and prosecutors and members of the Bar often worked an excessive amount of hours and far into the night to accomplish this. Within an hour of Mayor D’Allesandro’s vote of confidence in the city, 48 are arrested, 19 lootings reported and three new fires set. As of this point, 50 policemen and 10 firefighters have been hurt in the riots, none critically. (Napoleon K. Slay). Investigated by unit. 1829 A teletype was sent to all districts requiring special attention to 7 establishments containing large quantities of alcoholic beverages. Some looting is seen at Reisterstown Road and Edmondson Ave. Between 4 p.m. and this time, 30 store lootings and five fire bombings are called in to police. • 9:30 a.m.—Sniper fire hits a car in the 1200 block of Aisquith Street. Speculation had that it was contrived to disrupt the cities, but why we will never know. Some cars are covered in signs that say “Soul Brother” or “Black Brother,” mostly driven by blacks with headlights on as a funeral solute to King. As we became more visible some of the rioters went on to their homes. • 3:10 p.m.—Sniper activity is reported at a fire at Fayette and Pulaski. A shooting at 1200 block St. James St. is reported, following more looting in the 800 block of N. Gay. The most worrisome political outcome of Baltimore’s 1968 riots would prove to be the meteoric rise of Agnew into national prominence. In several instances, these disturbances were rapidly quelled through the skillful use of bayonets and chemical dispersers by the XVIII Airborne units. . 1311 2 arrests throughout city between 1200 and 1300 hours. 1500 Commissioner Pomerleau advised Attorney General Burch of need to have the National Guard concentrate in the area of Milton to Maryland Avenues and Orleans Street to 25thStreet. 0640 Task Force Baltimore was advised that the Baltimore Police Department was working n 12-hour shifts of approximately 1100 men on each shift. 2350 Commissioner Pomerleau requested troops in the 1200-1700 blocks of Pennsylvania Avenue. Firemen refuse to fight the fire until the sniper is located. Officers from the Maryland State Police move into the city and are placed under the command of Baltimore City Police Commissioner Donald Pomerleau. Communications were maintained with the field forces by the following: 4 radio networks on the 150-174 megacycle band and 1 network on the 450-470 megacycle band for a total of 5 radio networks operating. Baltimore then becomes relatively quiet. He also established liaison between the Municipal City Repair Garage enabling the fleet together with military vehicles and State Police vehicles to be gassed, serviced and repaired. National Guardsmen respond to hundreds of fires where they protect firefighters. Officer Charlie Cumberledge CD walking down Lloyd St. toward his car…Officer Bernie Wehage had just taken a woman from the second floor apartment over top the tailor shop which had been set on fire….the woman, while Officer Wehage was dragging her down the steps ,was hollering about her baby on the third floor, Officer Cumberledge ran up to the third floor and rescued her baby, “a canary”, Action Reports, Baltimore Police Department, Fallsway and Fayette Street Baltimore, Maryland 21202. Elsewhere, the Pope plans a statement on racism. Call was traced to telephone number 728-9482, pay phone located on the second floor of Douglas High School. An additional 30 troopers were sent to a fire at Federal Street and Harford Road. Fire is reported at Falls Road and 41st St. A grocery store is burned at Federal and Barclay. 1705 Unfounded report of shooting at store and owner (No name or address listed) Unable to confirm. and bring fragments in. Communications rooms cool down around this time. An early tour is made by D’Alessandro on Palm Sunday. . Dozens of police raids take place on this morning. April 7, 1968, Curfew violator resists arrest at Gay & Forrest Streets April 8, 1968, Baltimore Police Officer standing guard at Gay & Orleans Streets April 8, 1968, Looter shot by Police after attacking the officer with a knife April 8, 1968, National Guard hold looters on Biddle St. near Madison Ave. April 8, 1968, Major “Box Harris” and arrested looters – Pennsylvania Avenue, K9 Officer on Howard Street viewed from Franklin Street, Mapping Strategy For Aid … Council President Donald Schaefer and Robert Osborne, Fires burning in the background from the Old Town Market Clock Tower April 8, 1968, The smoke of scattered fires clouds the air of a sunny Palm Sunday, marred by violence that followed the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. By Major Rowlett. • 10:15 p.m.—The Maryland National Guard is federalized and Gen. York is placed in command of all military units deployed in the riot area. The greatest number of calls during the entire disturbance came at approximately 2:00 p.m. on Monday, April 8, 1968. What was happening was that when people learned the police were all in certain areas of town, they took the opportunity to break into businesses in their own area and loot whatever they wanted. 1352 5 arrests throughout city between 1300 and 1400 hours. While this angered blacks and white liberals, it caught the attention of Richard Nixon who was looking for someone on his ticket who could counter George Wallace’s American Independent Party, third party campaign. The same thing happens at Gay from Chase to Orleans. City and insurance company officials begin touring the damage. This was in large part why we had these type riots, and at the time the police took signs and made arrests, but the media seemed to think it was ok to take a sign that one guy made, and re-print it and circulate to more than one hundred thousand readers, in nearly every state. On the fifth floor was the Vice Squad. Army trucks are parked on street and soldiers with weapons at the ready are patrolling in the background. I pulled in adjacent to the fire engine and as I got out of the car, someone in the crowd that was milling around, threw a large number tin cans of tomatoes through the windshield of my radio car. Gallagher is against this march and is going to discourage it. Swedenjohn of Task Force Baltimore reported that one shot had been fired at him at 2342 hours from a high-rise apartment at Biddle Stree and Argyle Avenue. Person Identified at 0001 as Willard Dixon, militant member of CORE, Baltimore office. 0950 Lieutenant Harry Frantz, Baltimore Police Department Liaison Officer with Civil Defense, advised of the following food distribution points. There are further reports of problems at 42nd St. at York Road and at Walbrook Junction. He was advised this was inaccurate since officers are required to protect citizens. The crowd was not informed. March 1968 • King is scheduled to visit Baltimore but changes his plans and goes to Memphis, Tenn. to march with striking sanitation workers. 1045 Chief Battaglia opened up Field Command Post 2 at Pennsylvania Avenue and Laurens Street, 1050 Captain Mello reported that he had not observed a large crowd in the vicinity of the Western District. Information received at 1610. With that, both men stopped about 75 feet up the alley. 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