“In 1774, Louis succeeded his grandfather Louis XV as king of France” (BBC). I trust that my death will be for the happiness of my people, but I grieve for France and I fear she may suffer the anger of the Lord’. As 80,000 crowded into the square to watch the execution of Louis XVI, they cannot have been unaware that the guillotine sat where a statue of Louis XV had been. What was King Louis the XVI put on trial for in 1792? While his lawyers argued skilfully, Louis’ own testimony was unconvincing. He had no illusions about the outcome of the trial, as he told Malesherbes at their first interview: ‘I am sure they will make me perish. All 693 deputies answered ‘Yes’. De Sèze, who was given limited time to prepare and had barely slept for four days, delivered a brilliant opening address that focused on the king’s inviolability and the Convention’s unfitness to judge him: “You want to pronounce on the fate of Louis, yet it is you yourselves who accuse him! In December 1792, the National Convention placed the deposed Louis XVI on trial. On far side of scaffold a wicker basket stands ready to receive his body. https://origins.osu.edu/milestones/january-2018-execution-louis-xvi Execution of Louis XVI. On December 3rd, the National Convention resolved that Louis could and would be put on trial. In August 1792, the royal couple was arrested and imprisoned.The next January, Louis was convicted and condemned to death by a narrow majority. On January 21st, the former Louis XVI, the last absolutist king of France, awoke before dawn and received mass from a non-juring priest. Why do you think many of the citizens of Paris were armed during the King’s procession through the streets of Paris? In the few days available to him Louis assembled a defence team containing some of France’s best lawyers: the gifted orator Raymond de Sèze; François Tronchet, who had interrogated Louis after his arrest at Varennes; and Guillaume Malesherbes, the retired jurist and former minister of state. The Convention then voted 387 to 334 in favour of executing the former king. This one comes from a royalist named Bernard, who described the events of January 21st in a letter to his mother: “[The king] wished to speak to the people from the scaffold but was interrupted by a drum roll and was seized by the executioners, who pushed him straight under the fatal blade. Louis was born at Versailles on 23 August 1754. All 693 deputies answered ‘Yes’. 1. Public celebrations in memory to Louis only returned to France when his younger brother retook the throne in 1814. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis XVI. You want to pronounce on the fate of Louis, yet you have already declared your views! Louis’ lawyers used this as their main defence, arguing that the king’s decisions were valid under the constitution. In contrast, Maximilien Robespierre argued that no trial was necessary. Under the Constitution of 1791, the king was considered inviolable and therefore could not be prosecuted or punished. Sadly, Louis brought the French Revolution down on him. He ascended the throne in 1774 as Louis XVI. To put the king on trial and possibly under the guillotine may accelerate unrest and push France into anarchy or civil war. Next, the deputies were asked what the punishment should be. As Louis and his family took refuge in the chamber of the Legislative Assembly, the crowd outside bayed for their arrest and the abolition of the monarchy. All the best Execution Of Louis Xvi Painting 35+ collected on this page. He spent hours each day with his lawyers; their discussions, later described by Malesherbes and Louis’ valet Jean-Baptiste Cléry, were intelligent and lively. The execution was attended by a crowd exceeding 100,000, so numerous reports of the king’s demise exist. Date accessed: January 14, 2021 Louis was born at Versailles on 23 August 1754. 321 said ‘prison or The Jury of deputies had to answer three questions. Louis ascended to the French throne in 1774 and from the start was unsuited to deal with the severe financial problems that he had inherited from his grandfather, King Louis XV. In Paris, the guillotine was located at the Place de la Révolution (now the Place de la Concorde), located between the Champs-Elysées to the west and the Tuileries Garden to the east in Paris, France. While the bloodthirsty sans culottes rejoiced, wrote The Times, “honest citizens… could not suppress their heartfelt grief and mourned in private”. 4. You want to pronounce on the fate of Louis, yet your opinions are already spread across Europe!”. The Russian empress Catherine the Great also broke off diplomatic relations with France, while the rulers of Austria and Prussia ordered a significant escalation in military action against revolutionary France. Picture of Louis XVI's Execution French Revolution Posters. The trial and execution of Louis XVI would cause a sensation across France and around the world. Nine months later, Marie Antoinette was convicted of treason by a tribunal, and on October 16 she followed her husband to the guillotine. He was determined to fight for his life by providing his innocence in an adversary proceeding. Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the King of France from 1774 until 1792, when the monarchy was abolished during the French Revolution.His overthrow and execution ended a monarchy that was over 1,000 years old, although he was not the last French king.. Louis came from the House of Bourbon.He became the king at the age of 20, after the death of his grandfather Louis XV. The Convention’s deputies eventually voted 693 to none in favour of the king’s guilt. Louis spent that evening saying goodbye to his wife and children. Whatever can be said of Louis XVI's performance during his reign and the early parts of the French Revolution, there can be no doubt he died bravely and like a king. The French Revolution unfolded under his rule and eventually toppled him from power. 5. The Convention finalised the former king’s death warrant on January 20th and ordered his execution within 24 hours. Louis XVI's execution was notable for a couple of reasons. Firstly, they had to decide whether or not Louis was guilty. On January 21, he walked steadfastly to the guillotine and was executed. 8. KING OF THE FRENCH By an express which arrived yesterday morning from Messrs. Fector and… Execution of Louis XVI Soon, the representatives of the National Convention moved to put Louis XVI on trial. 7. The Girondins, however, feared the ramifications of bowing to the Paris crowd and executing the king without a public mandate. A Royalist plot to rescue the king came to nothing. in the greatest silence, at the Place Louis XV, and came to a halt in the middle of a large empty space that had been left around the scaffold. At such memorial services, Louis will and testament was read aloud from the … Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the King of France from 1774 until 1792, when the monarchy was abolished during the French Revolution.His overthrow and execution ended a monarchy that was over 1,000 years old, although he was not the last French king.. Louis came from the House of Bourbon.He became the king at the age of 20, after the death of his grandfather Louis XV. Louis XVI father was the next in line to the French throne but he died in 1765. A group of 72 deputies raised a supplementary motion urging clemency and a reprieve for the king, but this motion was voted down 380 to 310. One day after being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. The Jacobins within the Convention also supported the death penalty. Louis XVI was executed on January 21, 1793. King of France, 1774-91. In 1770 at age 14, Marie Antoinette married the French dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France. In 1770 at age 14, Marie Antoinette married the French dauphin Louis, grandson of Louis XV of France. Copyright: The content on this page may not be republished without our express permission. These men prepared the king’s defence thoroughly and delivered it with vigour, in spite of the dangers to their careers and their lives. On receiving this order Louis requested a three-day stay of execution, to farewell his wife and children and prepare “to appear in the presence of Almighty God”. “Louis XVI was the last king of France in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789” (Louis). On receiving this order Louis requested a three-day stay of execution, to farewell his wife and children and prepare “to appear in the presence of Almighty God”. Ga naar zoeken Ga naar hoofdinhoud. For more info, visit our FAQ page or Terms of Use. One day after being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers and sentenced to death by the French National Convention, King Louis XVI is executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. The biggest ideological difference between the two was that the Jacobins were in favor of executing Louis XVI, and the Girondins were opposed. This account of French King Louis XVI's execution is from 'London Packet or New Lloyd's Evening Post', Wednesday, January 23, 1793. The French National Convention had ordered on January 20, 1793, the … Authors: Jennifer Llewellyn, Steve Thompson THE PIPELINE is dedicated to exposing the Environmentalist Movement's undermining of freedom and prosperity across the Anglosphere and beyond. Louis XVI was the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy. 21 January 1793. This shortly lead to the execution of Louis XVI and his wife a little later on. Let us concern ourselves with my trial as if I could win, and I will win, since the memory that I will leave will be without stain’.” At birth, Louis was third in line to the French throne. Public pressure demanded the king be put on trial, however, there was considerable legal advice against this. The former king took a close personal interest in his defence. This worksheet allows students to use a primary source document to learn about the execution of French King Louis XVI in 1793. Louis XVI. Raymond de Sèze dissected the charges one by one, skilfully refuting claims that the king was to blame for broken oaths, foreign aggression, émigrés, military failures, bloodshed at the Champ de Mars and the Tuileries. 7. May 15, 2013 - Explore History Of The World's board "Execution of Louis XVI", followed by 205435 people on Pinterest. He was charged with treason due to his attempt to flee the country, which was viewed as him abandoning his country. When it comes to regicide — the killing of a king — the historical record is blood-soaked indeed, but few are quite as famous as the execution of France's King Louis XVI, as well as his wife, Marie Antoinette.Louis inherited the throne in 1774 when he was still way too young for any reasonable person to hand him ultimate power — not quite 20 years old. In Britain, there was a scathing response to the king’s guillotining. Execution of Louis XVI King of France, at the place de la R volution today place de la Concorde in Paris . The Convention then debated the fate of the king, with the Jacobins demanding his execution and the Girondins supporting an ‘appeal to the people’. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of the Terms and Conditions, The truth about 'False Flags' from Nazi Germany, to the Vietnam War, The Battle of Isandlwana and the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. Henry Essex Edgeworth (1745-1807) was an Irish priest, a Catholic one, who was the confessor of the last King of France, Louis XVI. Here Sanson, the executioner, snatches the detached head of Louis XVI to show to the crowd. Date published: August 12, 2020 Louis XVI (Louis-Auguste; French pronunciation: ; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution.He was referred to as Citizen Louis Capet during the four months just before he was executed by guillotine.In 1765, upon the death of his father, Louis, Dauphin of France, he became the new Dauphin. LIMITED OFFER: Get 10 free Shutterstock images - PICK10FREE. Symbolic significance Effects of the Execution of Louis XVI clearest act of defiance to the idea of "divine right of kings" secured the Jacobins and revolutionists established democracy in which people could make decisions for themselves URL: https://alphahistory.com/frenchrevolution/trial-execution-of-louis-xvi/ He became heir after the deaths of his father and older brother. Title: “The trial and execution of Louis XVI” Louis XVI, 1781 © Louis was king of France when the monarchy was overthrown during the French Revolution. The question then turned to the king’s fate. Most Downloads Size Popular. I love history and reading accounts from various papers and journals of momentous events. On January 15th 1793, following a short deliberation, the Convention’s deputies handed down a unanimous guilty verdict, 693 votes to none. The fate of the king was eventually concluded on January 17th. Because there was no legal precedent or constitutional facility for a legislature to act as a court, the Convention’s decision was highly irregular and of doubtful legality. When someone sought to help him, he said cheerfully ‘I do not need any help’… On the scaffold, the executioner tied his hands behind his back and then cut his hair. 5. The former king was suspended from power, arrested and removed to the Temple, an ancient fortress in the northern quarter of Paris. In the United States, a nation which had won its independence with the support of the dead king, the reaction was more restrained. The execution of King Louis XVI in Assassin's Creed Unity. During their trip, they were apprehended at Varennes, France, and carried back to Paris. Why do you think many of the citizens of Paris were armed during the K ing’s procession through the streets of Paris? An avid hunter like his grandfat… Controversially, the Convention itself would act as his judge and jury. Three weeks after his execution, a revolutionary journal called Thermomètre du jour published an inaccurate account claiming the King was led to the scaffold with a pistol to his temple, the guillotine struck his neck instead of his head, and the King died without courage. This French Revolution site contains articles, sources and perspectives on events in France between 1781 and 1795. See more ideas about louis xvi, louis, french revolution. The outcome of Louis’ trial was decided by a vote. Four days after Louis’ death, Britain expelled the French ambassador. “The king had decided on his defence at the time of his interrogation, and it was his decision and his alone. The Jury of deputies had to answer three questions. He would not allow his counsellors to claim he was ignorant of the law, nor would he permit them to invoke pity with emotive language. Today, on the anniversary of King Louis XVI's execution in 1793, we spotlight some facts about him and his wife Marie Antoinette that may help to … It symbolized the end of the French monarchy (for the time being, anyway), and Louis died in exemplary fashion. At the time of his birth, Louis was third in line to the throne, behind his father and older brother. The anniversary of Louis death was made a national day of mourning. However, Louis XVI struggled to lead France and lacked the qualities of previous monarchs. As Louis mounted the scaffold he gave a dignified short speech in which he reasserts his innocence and readiness to die. ©2021 AETN UK. The outcome of Louis’ trial was decided by a vote. The king’s trial began a week later, on December 11th 1792. He boarded a carriage and was taken on a circuitous route through Paris, through streets lined with soldiers and sans-culottes. Why do you think many of the citizens of Paris were armed during the K ing’s procession through the streets of Paris? Louis was granted a final visit from Marie Antoinette and his children on the evening of January 20th, however, his other requests were refused. Louis XVI was the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy. Assassins Creed Unity King Louis XVI Execution Scene Next, the deputies were asked what the punishment should be. Like all kings, Louis XVI had a duty … This activity is very easy to use. Jean-Marie Rouzet believed the king was answerable for his crimes but argued that placing him on trial was provocative, potentially disruptive and not in the national interest. The fate of the king was probably decided after the August 10th attack on the Tuileries. The execution of Louis XVI that took place on 21 January 1793 was a major event of the French Revolution. From the reign of Louis XVI are often remembered his execution or the Revolutionary period, and his posterity is often eclipsed by the reputation of his legendary wife, Marie-Antoinette. All you have to do is print off the primary source from the following website for classroom use or direct students to the website to ans. It contains 231,429 words in 354 pages and was updated on December 2nd 2020. Both of his sons died in childhood, before the Bourbon Restoration; his only child to reach adulthood, Marie Therese, was given over to the Austrians in exchange for French prisoners of war, eventually dying childless in 1851. Pyramidology: Why did Ancient Egyptians build the pyramids. 3. - a guard of 1,200 horsemen arrived to escort the former king on a two-hour carriage ride to his place of execution 7. He was the second son of Louis, Dauphin of France, and his German-born wife Maria Josepha. The execution of Louis XVI by guillotine, a major event of the French Revolution, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution ("Revolution Square", formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 1795) in Paris. Louis's head being shown to the crowd. In late 1792 the National Convention placed the deposed king, Louis XVI, on trial for crimes against the French people. After weeks of testimony and argument, the Convention’s deputies voted in favour of Louis’ guilt and condemned him to die. XVI, a monarch who ruled as king of France from 1774 until 1793, was a widely known ruler. This issue further exposed the gulf between the Paris-centric Jacobins and the nationally-minded Girondins. In 1770, at the age of fifteen, Louis XVI married Marie Antoinette, the fourteen year old daughter of the Emperor and Empress of Austria. From childhood up, History was the favourite reading of Louis-Auguste, successively Due de Berry, Dauphin and King of France as Louis XVI. In a controversial legal move, the Convention’s deputies decided to conduct this trial themselves. Aug 15, 1792. Find out how much do you know about ancient Egypt? In 1774, poor Louis took over the French throne from his grandfather, King Louis XV, who left him to clean up a tremendous economic crisis. Includes the September Massacres and the Girondins-Montagnards split. With 20,000 people gathered in attendance, Louis was led to the Place de la Révolution, where a guillotine was waiting to … The people had already delivered their verdict on the king, Robespierre argued, with their actions on August 10th. Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the King of France from 1774 until 1792, when the monarchy was abolished during the French Revolution.His overthrow and execution ended a monarchy that was over 1,000 years old, although he was not the last French king.. Louis came from the House of Bourbon.He became the king at the age of 20, after the death of his grandfather Louis XV. Execution of Louis XVI 21 January 1793. Reign of Louis XVI of France. He was only able to say these words in a strong voice: ‘I forgive my enemies. Stripped of his royal and noble titles, Louis became known as ‘Citizen Louis Capet’, a more humble name derived from his ancestors. Louis XVI, king of France, ascended the throne in 1774. Some radical American journalists went as far as suggesting that the former king had betrayed his people and had got what he deserved. The carriage arrived . ADVERTISEMENT. The deputies voted 387 to 334 for the king’s execution. Given the political climate inside and outside the Convention, it would have taken a masterful performance to save the former king, but his responses under cross-examination were far from masterful. The execution of King Louis XVI in Assassin's Creed Unity. The Convention finalised the former king’s death warrant on January 20th and ordered his execution within 24 hours. The Countess of Charny; or, The Execution of King Louis XVI (Hardcover). The king took off his coat at the foot of the scaffold. Her sister Maria Carolina was married to Ferdinand IV, King of Naples, for similar reasons. Après nous, le déluge. Louis XVI: execution by guillotine The execution of Louis XVI in 1793. Louis XVI, who belonged to the Royal House of Bourbon, became King of France in 1774 when his grandfather Louis XV died. Execution of Louis XVI; Credit – Wikipedia. Citation information 2. The following day dawned cold and wet. Three weeks after his execution, a revolutionary journal called Thermomètre du jour published an inaccurate account claiming the King was led to the scaffold with a pistol to his temple, the guillotine struck his neck instead of his head, and the King died without courage. Louis XVI — January 21st, 1793. Louis XVI was the last Bourbon king of France who was executed in 1793 for treason. Execution of Louis XVI- justified or not? King Louis XVI didn’t exactly rise to power in a perfect throne. On January 21, 1793. How did the French citizens who witnessed the king's execution react? How many guards escorted King Louis the XVI to his execution in 1793? . Father Edgeworth de Firmont, who had accompanied King Louis XVI to his execution… Since Christmas 1792, Girondin deputies had been lobbying for an appel au peuple (‘appeal to the people’) – in effect, a national referendum on whether the king should die. However, Louis XVI and his reign were of interest as well. The Execution of King Louis XVI. He was guillotined in 1793. Because of this, the young prince was sidelined and not trained for royal duties. In 1789, in a last-ditch attempt to resolve his country's financial crisis, Louis assembled the States-General, a national assembly that represented the three "estates" of the French people--the nobles, the clergy, and the commons. On January 19, 1815, the king's remains were exhumed from the Madeleine and taken by convoy to the family crypt at the Saint-Denis cathedral where all but three French kings were buried. On December 11th, 1792, the king was brought before the convention to hear the charges against him. lekker winkelen zonder zorgen. After his death, his body and head were taken to the parish cemetery and thrown into a pit 15 feet deep, where they were consumed with quicklime.”. Louis arose at five. Perhaps no political execution is more famous than that of Louis XVI of France. How many guards escorted King Louis the XVI to his execution in 1793? The deputies of the Assembly eventually agreed to both. The September Massacres two months earlier cast a long shadow over these proceedings. King of France from 1774. 6. 8. Louis XVI — January 21st, 1793. At 10 am, the carriage arrived at the Place de la Révolution, formerly the Place de Louis XV, a public square between the Champs-Élysées and the Tuileries. See more ideas about louis xvi, louis, french revolution. The French Revolution of 1789 saw the overthrow of the King Louis XVI, and a Republic put in its place based on the ideals of ‘liberté, égalité, fraternité’ (the French for liberty, equality and brotherhood). But while the deposed king had masterful advocates and brilliant men at his side, he was damned by his own testimony. In 1770 he married Austrian archduchess Marie Antoinette, the daughter of … The Constitution of 1791, which was still in place when the king was arrested, placed the monarch outside the jurisdiction of the courts. The financial state of France was in the toilet, and Louis XVI, without any previous political experience, was responsible for fixing it. His execution caused shock waves and condemnation around the world, most notably in Britain, which within a fortnight was at war with France. 6. The Girondins also thought that the King had the right to a trial, and the Jacobins did not. On January 21st 1793 Louis Capet, as he was by then officially known, was taken to the guillotine and decapitated before thousands of his former subjects. May 15, 2013 - Explore History Of The World's board "Execution of Louis XVI", followed by 205435 people on Pinterest. The execution of Louis XVI, by means of the guillotine, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution ("Revolution Square", formerly Place Louis XV, and renamed Place de la Concorde in 17 Firstly, they had to decide whether or not Louis was guilty. What was King Louis the XVI put on trial for in 1792? Engraving. The revolution seemed to be moving too fast and slipping into mob rule. Louis’ utterances in the witness chair, like many of his utterances on the throne, ranged from stubborn and indignant to evasive and vacillating. ... King Louis XVI was called to be the last Bourbon King of france. The news of Louis’ execution shocked Europe. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. Louis was a strong student nevertheless, excelling in history and languages. A total of 49 deputies chose to abstain or were absent. 2. He was the last King of France before the fall of the monarchy, it ended when he was executed for treason by a guillotine. On November 7th 1792, the National Convention’s legislative committee tabled a report asking “Is Louis XVI ‘judgeable’ for the crimes he is imputed to have committed on the constitutional throne?” The Convention would spend much of the next month debating the question. Whatever can be said of Louis XVI's performance during his reign and the early parts of the French Revolution, there can be no doubt he died bravely and like a king. Birthplace: Versailles, France Location of death: Paris, France Cause of death: Execution Remains: Buried, Saint-Denis Basilica, Sai. Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793. Vind hoogwaardige nieuwsfoto's in een hoge resolutie op Getty Images Under Louis’ instructions, his lawyers instead focused on his constitutional inviolability as monarch and the illegality of the trial. Louis-Auguste became Louis XVI, king of France, in 1774, upon his grandfather’s passing. The States-General had not been assembled since 1614, and the third estate--the commons--used the opportunity to declare itself the National Assembly, igniting the French Revolution. The situation of the king deteriorated the following year. David P. Jordan. Many of the Convention’s deputies had been radical democrats in the Legislative Assembly and the Jacobin club – but the wanton slaughter in early September worried these reasonable men. Louis XVI’s courage on June 20, 1792, when the royal palace was invaded by the Paris mob after his dismissal of the Girondin ministry, and his dignified bearing during his trial and at the moment of execution did something to redeem, but did not reestablish, his reputation. . In 1770, he married Marie Antoinette, daughter of the emperor and empress of Austria, a match … That does not matter. How many guards escorted King Louis the XVI to his execution in 1793? The future Louis XVI was born at Versailles in August 1754. What was the mood of King Louis the XVI like in the moments before being executed? On January 20, 1793, the National Convention condemned Louis XVI to death, his execution scheduled for the next day. This site is created and maintained by Alpha History. The Execution of Louis XVI (January 21, 1793) Henry Edgeworth De Firmont. All Rights Reserved. The Countess of Charny; or, The Execution of King Louis XVI: Dumas, Alexandre: Amazon.nl Selecteer uw cookievoorkeuren We gebruiken cookies en vergelijkbare tools om uw winkelervaring te verbeteren, onze services aan te bieden, te begrijpen hoe klanten onze services gebruiken zodat we verbeteringen kunnen aanbrengen, en om advertenties weer te geven. Louis XVI was the king of France from May 1774 until his execution in January 1793. Americans mourned the death of Louis the man – but they did not mourn the death of his monarchy. Outside the Convention, the gutter press and the Paris sections screamed for his execution. They have the power and the will to do so. The work he returned to most was David Hume’sHistory of England: on the occasion of Hume’s visit to France in 1763, the nine-year-old Berry made him a pretty speech and got his younger brothers the Comte de Provence and the Comte d’Artois to do the same. About Us. 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Versailles in August 1754 eventually voted 693 to none in favour of executing the king trial.