D. Regional Oceanic Productivity 1. 15) Summer productivity in temperate waters typically is hampered by _____. Light-limited Question 8 1 Pts Phytoplankton Can Counteract Sinking By All The Following Except: Swimming Upwards Small Cell Size. - In polar oceans, nutrient concentrations are usually adequate and do NOT limit productivity. What is the depth of the photic zone determined by? primary. Satellite-Based Global Ocean Primary Productivity. Productivity in the Ocean. Describe primary productivity in the Tropical Seas, -nutrients are limited due to stratification, Describe primary productivity in the Temperate Seas, Describe primary productivity in the Polar Seas. plants are _____ producers. Ocean Primary Productivity. 233) ____ 234) Productivity in tropical oceans is generally _____. a cloud (condensed water) that touches the ground, When warm, moisture-laden air cools—>gas condenses into small liquid droplets, when deep, cold (usually nutrient-rich) water is pulled to the surface, -the net flow of a current is 90 degrees to the right of the path of the wind that drives it (Northern Hemisphere), Explain the weather in the Central Valley, -hot and humid air comes in from the Pacific, just above bottom of photic zone—light is at approx 1% of surface's intensity, organisms decompose organic matter and return phosphates and nitrates. What are some problems with ocean fertilization when considering it as a means to mitigate global warming? Primary production is the production of chemical energy in organic compounds by living organisms.The main source of this energy is sunlight but a minute fraction of primary production is driven by lithotrophic organisms using the chemical energy of inorganic molecules.. Why is the thermocline strongest in warm weather? STUDY. Thanks to primary productivity, we can measure how much sugar and oxygen are produced in water sources, especially in oceans and by terrestrial plants. zone where light does not penetrate (about 90% of the ocean), to create DNA, RNA, proteins—to keep themselves together, not biologically "useful" by all organisms, in a form that all organisms can use to make biomolecules and/ or power cells, special organisms (mostly bacteria) that convert inorganic nitrogen to organic nitrogen. Describe how primary productivity in the polar oceans is light-limited. year, a drifting polar ice pack covers the central and western portions year-round, and sea temper-ature seldom rises above 0°C. Biomass is the dry weight of all the organic matter within organisms of the ecosystem. The total amount of biological productivity in a region or ecosystem is called the gross primary productivity. B- Some whales, including blue whales, migrate long distances to feed in polar seas during the polar summer. Without the primary productivity process means there will be no food whether it is for the plants or the other living beings. blown in from areas that support primary production. Primary production is the most basic building block for energy and the basis for food webs in all environments and ecosystems. Describe how primary productivity in the polar oceans is light-limited. D) light and nutrient-limited. Sample Day #4: Primary Productivity is lowest yet, Many people are surprised to learn, however, that roughly half of this productivity occurs in the oceans and is conducted by microscopic plants called phytoplankton. There is little to no sunlight, which means that for most of the year, there is no primary production taking place. Calculating primary productivity. In the ocean, autotrophs which are responsible for primary production consist of phytoplankton, marine plants, and macroalgae since they all perform photosynthesis. When is there a great phytoplankton bloom (in temperate seas)? Consequently, primary production provides a key ecosystem service by providing energy to the entire food web in the oceans. 1987) (Figure 1). At this point, we know that there are at least three distinct biological communities in the Arctic Choose from 156 different sets of productivity ocean flashcards on Quizlet. Why are nutrients limited at the surface? A Brief Summary of Primary Productivity in Polar, Temperate, and Tropical Oceans. 71) Productivity in polar oceans is: A) light-limited. 31 233) Productivity in polar oceans is _____. PLAY. Describe an example of pelagic exchange across the Arctic. Strong stratification creates a strong thermocline, which disables nutrients that have sunk to the bottom to come back. Autumn and spring, when the thermocline decays and there is a great nutrient input, and still light. What are non-limiting factors in the ocean? Describe how salps could take over from Antarctic krill at the base of the food web. What primary productivity in polar regions actually looks like… Phytoplankton Figure 13.19a, page 421Zooplankton. primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean. During these months, the Antarctic Ocean's upwelling zone exhibits some of the Earth's highest primary productivity. Primary productivity is strongly dependent upon light availability and the presence of nutrients, and thus is highly seasonal in the Arctic. B) nutrient-limited. Throughout the history of earth, physical forces acting on the oceans and the chemical processes taking place therein have never been at steady state, but rather have constantly changed. -Diatom Neodenticula seminae (dominant primary producer in the North Pacific). The cold water at the bottom remains unaffected by heat, while the surface is heated, creating a great difference in density, leading to stratification. what is primary productivity? C-Primary productivity in polar seas reaches high levels during the polar summer. False What is TRUE about primary causes of ocean acidification? Describe how productive Antarctic sea ice is. colleenmcf. What is the significance of ocean stratification in relation to primary production? In this lecture you have the opportunity to explore a number of examples of how ocean productivity varies. They are cold with a weak thermocline (temp gradient) and a weak pycnocline (density gradient). Extra dissolved carbon dioxide in the ocean is the primary cause b. water with low concentration of dissolved oxygen, How zooplankton stay below photic zone during the day, migrate up at night, -CO2 becomes sugar through photosynthesis/ chemosynthesis, the upper most region of the water column where there is enough light for photosynthesis to occur. Variation in primary productivity, measured typically as the concentration of chlorophyll in water, is a primary determinant of all biological productivity up the food web and trophic pyramid. Question: Question 7 1 Pts Primary Productivity In Polar Oceans Is: Nutrient-limited. Most of the primary productivity in the oceans is a result of a kelp forests b from OCEAN 320 at San Diego State University In this section, we will be discussing another topic that will put us on step closer to understanding our oceans just a little clearer. Too many "grazers" 16) Of the following statements about oceanic productivity in polar regions, which is/are true? Describe the physical characteristics of the Antarctic continental shelf. Productivity in Tropical Areas Productivity in tropical regions is limited by the lack of nutrients. The year is split into periods of constant night and day. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. are probably responsible, since Nitrate and Chlorophyll a levels are similar to previous days. Primary production is the production of chemical energy in organic compounds by living organisms.The main source of this energy is sunlight but a minute fraction of primary production is driven by lithotrophic organisms using the chemical energy of inorganic molecules.. -They are the primary competitor of krill for phytoplankton, but cannot feed on ice algae. A) coastal upwelling zones B) coral reefs C) equatorial upwelling zones D) mangrove swamps E) All of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity. It is not possible to understand the composition of seawater (or marine sediments) without understanding life processes. -Dominant herbivore- occupy all layers of water column. Start studying Productivity in the Ocean. distribution of ocean productivity and biomass is remarkably similar to our current views based on cumulative field measurements (Berger 1989) and ocean color satellite images (Lewis 1989), with one notable exception; Sverdrup's map depicts polar primary productivity in the highest category, for example on the same scale as that Because they are used immediately and usually sink when in a dead organism or as waste, -oil floats (oil is less dense than water). Will this removal be permanent? macro. Biotic disturbance is very high in the Arctic: Describe the physical characteristics of the Arctic. C) oxygen-limited. -About 5% of total Antarctic primary productivity takes place within sea ice. A- Polar ocean waters have a strong thermocline. Diatoms. Describe the effects of ice scours on benthos. Sample Day #3: Primary Productivity again is much lower than on Sample Day #1. animal plankton, heterotrophic, eat phytoplankton. “Net primary production” Biomass within an ecosystem is determined by how much and how quickly the producers in the ecosystem are able to capture and store the chemical energy. The new figure is some sixteen times higher than an estimate made in 1975. Primary productivity is the rate at which energy is accumulated and converted through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis into organic substances. Describe how the polar oceans change with depth. Polar or high-latitude oceans: >60º north/south latitude The length of day really varies, so it’s sunlight (not nutrients) that limits productivity Get incredible productivity during the spring/summer on land, too Kelp are considered _____ algae. “Gross primary production” (GPP) refers to the total rate of organic carbon production by autotrophs, while “respiration” refers to the energy-yielding oxidation of organic car-bon back to carbon dioxide. Where is there the greatest phytoplankton bloom? In the polar oceans, phytoplankton blooms (explosive population growth) occur during the summer months as a result of favorable light conditions which lead to short-term increased primary productivity. During these months, the Antarctic Ocean's upwelling zone … Polar oceans belong to the most productive marine ecosystems. Describe the physical characteristics of the Southern Ocean, -A circumpolar ocean surrounding a large continent, -Sea ice (pack ice)- formed from saltwater- freezing onto base of pack ice. Equations. In warm weather (like the tropics year round, or the summer at temperate seas). (select all that apply) a. Photosynthesis requires photosynthetic organisms, light, carbon Lesson Plan 15 Being Productive in the Arctic Ocean. Using data that have become available during the last ten years we have reestimated the annual production by phytoplankton in the arctic marine ecosystem. Without plants, means there will be no primary productivity that can help to produce oxygen. B) nutrient-limited. -Icebergs or pack ice scrape along benthic surface, Also known as 'sea ice factories', they are areas of open water surrounded by sea ice. -Arctic Ocean is an almost enclosed sea surrounded by land. Lecture 7 – Life in the Ocean – Primary Productivity and Respiration Life determines ocean chemistry and responds to it. excess nutrients causing a bloom that uses up oxygen and creates a dead zone, a microorganism, especially bacteria, that causes fermentation/ disease, only spend part of their lives suspended in water column. E) nutrient and oxygen-limited. In the polar oceans, phytoplankton blooms (explosive population growth) occur during the summer months as a result of favorable light conditions which lead to short-term increased primary productivity. In both coastal and open-ocean regions, physical-chemical conditions dictate biological productivity and its distribution, … O Oxygen-limited. Describe the causes of biotic disturbance in the Arctic. Primary producers of polar oceans Phytoplankton composed mainly by diatoms, haptophytes (coccolithophores), dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. The year is split into periods of constant night and day. Why is it beneficial for benthic invertebrates to have a planktonic larval stage? 276) ____ A) photosynthetic bacteria B) phytoplankton C) dinoflagellate D) primary E) zooplankton 277) Productivity is limited by _____ in polar regions and by _____ in the low-latitude tropics. Productivity in Polar Oceans The low availability of solar energy limits photosynthetic productivity in polar areas. This also means that the ocean food chain will be altered. This is of considerable significance regionally, but still does not, of itself, imply that global phytoplankton production is underestimated at present. Nearly all of Earth’s primary productivity is … “Net primary production” “Gross primary production” (GPP) refers to the total rate of organic carbon production by autotrophs, while “respiration” refers to the energy-yielding oxidation of organic car-bon back to carbon dioxide. This means that there is a peak in primary productivity between spring and summer and a dip during autumn and winter when productivity is light-limited. Figure 13.18, page 420 D. Regional Oceanic Productivity 1. The poles (in the summer), since there is very cold water, so no thermocline, and light. C) oxygen-limited. This means that there is a peak in primary productivity between spring and summer and a dip during autumn and winter when productivity is light-limited. 1987) (Figure 1). ocean productivity are revealed by the following defi-nitions (Bender et al. True Nutrients can be either an elements or compounds and two important ions in the Ocean are NO2-, and PO43-? Log in Sign up. Why Primary Productivity Varies Among Polar, Tropical, and Temperate Oceans We have made quite a journey through our walk through productivity in our oceans. - In polar oceans, there is incredibly high productivity in the summertime. O Light And Nutrient-limited. Although the Arctic is still the world’s least explored ocean, new expe-ditions are about to give us much greater knowl-edge of the mysteries of this polar frontier. How might ocean fertilization help remove CO2 from our atmosphere? Learn productivity ocean with free interactive flashcards. A combination of ice cover and reduced PAR (perhaps it was a cloudy day!) Primary productivity, the rate at which energy is converted to organic substances by photosynthetic producers, which obtain energy and nutrients by using sunlight, and chemosynthetic producers, which obtain chemical energy through oxidation. Describe the importance of Antarctic krill. D) light and nutrient-limited. Coastal waters are more productive than the central ocean for two main reasons. Create. Sunlight and nutrients (mainly nitrogen and phosphorous). Primary productivity in tropical oceans is limited by the amount of nutrients available. Polar. E) nutrient and oxygen-limited. Whats an example of a micro algae? Primary productivity process will also require carbon dioxide besides oxygen during the night. In polar open oceans, primary production is wildly fluctuating. 71) Productivity in polar oceans is: A) light-limited. Primary Productivity Primary Productivity is the production of https://quizlet.com/275652110/midterm-4-chapter-13-flash-cards 42 terms. primary production is the production of organic compounds (sugars) from atmospheric or aquatic carbon dioxide. A) coastal upwelling zones B) coral reefs C) equatorial upwelling zones D) mangrove swamps E) All of the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity. Primary productivity is strongly dependent upon light availability and the presence of nutrients, and thus is highly seasonal in the Arctic region. Plants through the primary productivity actually help the environment to maintain nearly all gases in the ocean such as carbon dioxide. Through photosynthesis (sometimes chemosynthesis), production of sugars using energy from chemicals (released in deep sea vents). 276) Blue whales time their migration through middle latitude and polar oceans to coincide with maximum _____ productivity. Humans are the primary cause There is a phylum of bacteria that can photosynthesize? How is primary productivity usually done? During spring, when sunlight becomes ample and day lengths increase, a huge burst in production occurs. Organic matter in the ocean is produced by photosynthesis (and chemosynthesis to a lesser extend) and destructed by respiration. Total net primary production on Earth exceeds 100 billion tons of carbon per year, and it plays a profound role in the global carbon cycle. - In polar oceans, productivity is limited by the lack of sunlight in the winter.-Polar oceans typically display a strong, permanent thermocline. https://quizlet.com/14087866/primary-productivity-flash-cards Search. Because all life on Earth is directly or indirectly reliant on it. Geographically, phytoplankton abundance generally decreases as you move from coastal to oceanic waters (Figure 7.4.1). -Antarctic macrobenthic diversity at least 6 times as high as Arctic. silica (makes many animals' shells), CO2 & H2O, Microscopic plants that are the dominant primary producers in the ocean (do 90-96% of primary production), coastal regions, because there is so much fertilizer with nitrogen and phosphorous, phytoplankton remove CO2 from the surface waters and store it in the deep ocean (they consume a lot of CO2 and bring it to the bottom with their bodies when they die). ocean productivity are revealed by the following defi-nitions (Bender et al. 234) ____ 235) Although primary productivity in tropical areas is generally low, which of the following tropical locations have unusually high primary productivity rates? Open oceans produce the largest share of Earth's biomass because the net primary productivity (NPP) of the oceans is Low, but the large expanse of the oceans supports enormous numbers of producers such as phytoplankton The sun's radiation provides the energy for all of the following EXCEPT Plate Tectonics All the above tropical areas have relatively high primary productivity. Iron, released through fertilization, increases photosynthesis in phytoplankton, which bury CO2 via the biological pump process. Summarise the main biological differences between the Antarctic and Arctic. The oceans below the photic zone are a vast space, ... Primary productivity in the Arctic Ocean is largely due to photosynthesis carried out by microscopic drifting algae called phytoplankton. polar primary productivity in the highest category, for example on the same scale as that . Log in Sign up. 7.4 Patterns of Primary Production Primary productivity varies both geographically and seasonally. 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