If the IDC cells make more than 10 percent of the tumor, the cancer . Colloids come in a variety of types. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin; blood itself is a colloid. In some cases, a stable colloid can be transformed to an aggregated suspension by a minor chemical modification. 67, p.84 (1963); This page was last edited on 19 February 2023, at 21:51. The best example is the precipitation of silver chloride and the result ends up as colloidal dispersion. The size of the suspended particles in a colloid can range from 1 to 1000 nanometres (10 -9 metres). Remember mayonnaise is an emulsion. Even gases can be involved in colloids. This natural combination of colloid and surface chemistry represents a major research space and we get to see a variety of categories of colloids based on these basic properties. Heat it up to body temperature, and it becomes a liquid. Similar agents are used in the food industry to stabilize emulsions such as mayonnaise. The dispersed phase for the above mentioned examples is liquid and the dispersion medium is liquid as well. clay particles, silicates, iron oxy-hydroxides), organic colloids (humic and fulvic substances). These are usually termed as a liquid aerosol. This makes the system intrinsically stable as there is a reduction in Gibbs free energy when the particles are dispersed. 2. Volumes and issues. The simplest cells are bacteria, which consist of only a single compartment surrounded by a single membrane. )%2FUnit_3%253A_The_States_of_Matter%2F11%253A_Solutions%2F11.7%253A_Colloidal_Suspensions, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 11.6: Phase Equilibrium in Solutions - Volatile Solutes, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, not filterable; does not separate on standing; does not scatter visible light, scatters visible light; translucent or opaque; not filterable; does not separate on standing, cloudy or opaque; filterable; separates on standing. By rearranging, the sedimentation or creaming velocity is: There is an upper size-limit for the diameter of colloidal particles because particles larger than 1 m tend to sediment, and thus the substance would no longer be considered a colloidal suspension.[15]. Human Albumin. Gelatin formulations in the food industry use almost exclusively water or aqueous polyhydric alcohols as solvents for candy, marshmallow, or dessert preparations. The term "colloid"from the Greek words kolla, meaning "glue," and eidos, meaning "like"was first used in 1861 by Thomas Graham to classify mixtures such as starch in water and gelatin.Many colloidal particles are aggregates of hundreds or thousands of molecules, but others (such as proteins and polymer molecules) consist of a single extremely large molecule. In all of these specific cases, the liquid is strongly absorbed onto the surface of a particle which makes the interface between particle and liquid similar to the interface between liquid and itself. A colloid has a dispersed phase (the suspended particles) and a continuous phase (the medium of suspension). Even jelly is a colloid, in which bits of sweetened fruit sit suspended in water and a thickener called pectin. The Tyndall effect is responsible for the way the beams from automobile headlights are clearly visible from the side on a foggy night but cannot be seen from the side on a clear night. The chemical explanation for the stability of colloids depends on whether the colloidal particles are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. Types of Colloids Based on the Interaction of Medium and Dispersed Phase. Therefore, if the colloidal particles are denser than the medium of suspension, they will sediment (fall to the bottom), or if they are less dense, they will cream (float to the top). Heating such a colloid can cause aggregation because the particles collide with greater energy and disrupt the protective shell of solvent. When an egg is boiled, for example, the egg white, which is primarily a colloidal suspension of a protein called albumin, unfolds and exposes its hydrophobic groups, which aggregate and cause the albumin to precipitate as a white solid. Some examples include whipped cream, mayonnaise, milk, butter, gelatin, jelly, muddy water, plaster, colored glass, and paper. Suspensions and colloids are two common types of mixtures whose properties are in many ways intermediate between those of true solutions and heterogeneous mixtures. [47] Another difference is that crystalloids generally are much cheaper than colloids. The colloid osmotic pressure these materials exert is related to the size of the molecule. Thermal methods are the most commonly used and consists in increasing temperature to accelerate destabilisation (below critical temperatures of phase inversion or chemical degradation). The colloid can be formed by simply mixing gelatin with ice cream. Cobalamin 0%. Gelatin acts as a protective colloid. This technique can confirm that aggregation has occurred if the apparent particle size is determined to be beyond the typical size range for colloidal particles. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". If the apparent size of the particles increases due to them clumping together via aggregation, it will result in slower Brownian motion. The lesser ingredient in a colloid, in this case . There are four states of matter, solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Jelly is actually a semi rigid structure suspended in a liquid, which we call a Colloid . Justify the property of gelatin here as lyophilic colloid. 322166814/www.reference.com/Reference_Desktop_Feed_Center6_728x90, The Best Benefits of HughesNet for the Home Internet User, How to Maximize Your HughesNet Internet Services, Get the Best AT&T Phone Plan for Your Family, Floor & Decor: How to Choose the Right Flooring for Your Budget, Choose the Perfect Floor & Decor Stone Flooring for Your Home, How to Find Athleta Clothing That Fits You, How to Dress for Maximum Comfort in Athleta Clothing, Update Your Homes Interior Design With Raymour and Flanigan, How to Find Raymour and Flanigan Home Office Furniture. The dispersed phase for the above examples is liquid and a dispersion medium of gas. Milk of magnesia is used for stomach disorders. However, their uses and . A colloid is a mixture that has particles ranging between 1 and 1000 nanometers in diameter, yet are still able to remain evenly distributed throughout the solution. Luck, W. et al., Ber. Gelatin itself is made of a protein. Polymer flocculants can bridge individual colloidal particles by attractive electrostatic interactions. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. To solubilize the fats so that they can be absorbed, the gall bladder secretes a fluid called bile into the small intestine. If the suspension is allowed to stand, the two phases will separate, which is why paints must be thoroughly stirred or shaken before use. Types and Examples of Colloids. Busenges Phys. It can be seen under an ultra microscope, it is settled only on centrifugation. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". A colloid preferred by a physician or basically a plasma expander may work better if colloids are present instead of crystalloids. For example, in a solution of salt in water, the sodium chloride (NaCl) crystal dissolves, and the Na+ and Cl ions are surrounded by water molecules. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. A gel is another type of colloid, where a liquid is dispersed through a solid. What is the formula for calculating solute potential? For a mixture to be classified as a colloid, its . Colloids refer to dispersions of small particles usually with linear dimensions from around 1 nm to 10 micrometres. These include electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces, because they both contribute to the overall free energy of the system.[17]. For example, synthetic products like dextran and hydroxyethyl starches and haemoglobin based oxygen-carrying solutions along with natural colloids like plasma, whole blood and human serum, etc. The Earths gravitational field acts upon colloidal particles. Colloidal gold is used for intramuscular injection. Particles of colloidal solution cannot be normally seen with a naked eye. Similarly, soil particles are often carried by water in rivers and streams as hydrophobic colloids. v How do I choose between my boyfriend and my best friend? 25% Albumin is used together with sodium and . Advertisement. Storing a dispersion at high temperatures enables to simulate real life conditions for a product (e.g. Calcium 4%. 234, p.84, (1976). The colloid particles are attracted to the water. Some definitions specify that the particles must be dispersed in a liquid,[1] while others extend the definition to include substances like aerosols and gels. Of these, insulin, albumin, gelatin and acacia produce lyophilic or hydrophilic sols. The colloids' particles range in size from 1 to 1000 nm in diameter. How would yogurt that contains gelatin be different from yogurt that does not contain gelatin? In its purest, powdered form, gelatin has a high protein content.. What is the colloid type of gelatin? A colloid is also a heterogeneous mixture, but the particles of a colloid are typically smaller than those of a suspension, generally in the range of 2 to about 500 nm in diameter. Two other important types of colloids are aerosols, which are dispersions of solid or liquid particles in a gas, and emulsions, which are dispersions of one liquid in another liquid with which it is immiscible. Hydrophobic colloids: These are the opposite in nature to hydrophilic colloids. A colloid is a mixture in which one substance consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Gelatin solutions were first used as colloids in man in 1915. Many of the colloids might contain albumin which has osmotically equal to plasma and 25% of solutions. Vitamin D 0%. These multiphase colloids mentioned above make an account of the properties of both phase and the interface between them and so their investigation is a natural adjunct to the study of the interface and reaching down to the size of colloid particles. A colloid is a heterogeneous mixture whose particle size is intermediate between those of a solution and a suspension. The dispersed phase for the above mentioned examples is solid and the dispersion medium being liquid. They may provide other interactive effects with other chemicals, in some cases synergistic, in others antagonistic. There are different types of colloids and these may have different effects. Jelly is usually made of gelatin , which is a protein. These particles may be either dissolved macromolecules or having macromolecular structures formed from smaller structural units, or they may constitute a separate phase as in aerosols, powders, pigments dispersions, emulsions or even finely pigmented plastics. [43] whereas the particles of a solution do not. And protein, as we all know is a solid at room temperature. Vitamin B6 0%. Phospholipids are a class of detergent-like molecules that have two hydrophobic tails attached to a hydrophilic head. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The properties of colloidal dispersions are closely linked to the high surface area of the dispersed phase and the chemistry of these interfaces. Legal. In many interesting cases optical fluidity is used to control colloid suspensions. What type of colloid is gelatin gel? If water is used as a dispersion medium in lyophilic colloids, then it is called hydrophilic colloids. Since gelatin is the best protective colloid, hence its gold number is minimum. Thus, it has been known for many years that, due to repulsive Coulombic interactions, electrically charged macromolecules in an aqueous environment can exhibit long-range crystal-like correlations with interparticle separation distances, often being considerably greater than the individual particle diameter. Colloids are classified as foams, aerosols, emulsions, gels, or sols, depending on the nature of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium. Rest are although used in some way or other, but we never get to see them in our immediate surroundings. To distinguish between true solutions and solutions with aggregate particles. Its a brand. If this is the case, then the colloidal particles will repel or only weakly attract each other, and the substance will remain a suspension. The original GE was modified by reacting it with N,N-dimethyl epoxypropyl octadecyl ammonium chloride (QAS), and then it was cross-linked . Add in some gelatin, and the gelatin will dissolve in the water, while the water molecules stay in motion. Gelatin, when dissolved in water, is a colloid because the protein molecules that compose it, mostly derived from collagen, are much larger than usual dissolved molecules, but they remain evenly dispersed throughout the water. Whipped cream of milk, soap lather. Colloids usually contain substances that are evenly scattered in another. As the dispersed phase is water, we often call these gels hydrogels. Macromolecular crowding strongly enhances colloidal phase separation and formation of biomolecular condensates. They are normally combined with some type of sealant, i.e. Plasma expanders are currently available in two types: colloid and crystalloid. The particles cannot be normally seen with a naked eye. Type B, with isoionic point of 4.8 to 5.2, is the result of an alkaline pretreatment of the collagen. Various agents have been developed to stabilize emulsions, the most successful being molecules that combine a relatively long hydrophobic tail with a hydrophilic head: Examples of such emulsifying agents include soaps, which are salts of long-chain carboxylic acids, such as sodium stearate \(\ce{[CH_3(CH_2)_{16}CO_2Na^{+}]}\), and detergents, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate \(\ce{[CH_3(CH_2)_{11}OSO_3Na^{+}]}\), whose structures are as follows: When you wash your laundry, the hydrophobic tails of soaps and detergents interact with hydrophobic particles of dirt or grease through dispersion forces, dissolving in the interior of the hydrophobic particle. Addition of non-adsorbed polymers called depletants that cause aggregation due to entropic effects. [6][7], Colloidal: State of subdivision such that the molecules or polymolecular particles dispersed in a medium have at least one dimension between approximately 1 nm and 1 m, or that in a system discontinuities are found at distances of that order.[6][7][8]. Gelatin only remains a liquid when warm, becoming a gel when cooled. To learn more about the Definition, Types of colloids, Examples of colloids in Daily Life and Medicine . What are the 5 types of colloids? Gelatin is a product made by cooking collagen. See: Graham, Thomas (1861), Last edited on 19 February 2023, at 21:51, "Dispersity in polymer science (IUPAC Recommendations 2009)", "Hydrocolloids as thickening and gelling agents in food: a critical review", "Differences between Colloidal and Crystalline Evaporative Deposits", "Understanding shape entropy through local dense packing", "Terminology of polymers and polymerization processes in dispersed systems (IUPAC Recommendations 2011)", "Structure of Sterically Stabilized Colloids", "Zeta Potential Measurements in the Control of Coagulation Chemical Doses [with Discussion]", "Stability of colloidal systems - a review of the stability measurements methods", "Colloidal matter: Packing, geometry, and entropy", "Shockwave based nonlinear optical manipulation in densely scattering opaque suspensions", "Light-induced self-synchronizing flow patterns", "Stability and mobility of colloids in Opalinus Clay", "Diffusion of colloids in compacted bentonite", "Millions of surgery patients at risk in drug research fraud scandal", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Colloid&oldid=1140386900. Colloids. and Schowalter, W.R. Darragh, P.J., et al., Scientific American, Vol. If the interaction energy is greater than kT, the attractive forces will prevail, and the colloidal particles will begin to clump together. There are eight types of the colloidal system possible since gases are miscible, the gas colloidal system is not possible. In contrast, the particles in a colloid are smaller and do not separate on standing. Dust is made up of solid particles dispersed in the air. For example, negatively charged colloidal silica or clay particles can be flocculated by the addition of a positively charged polymer. Every colloid consists of two parts: colloidal particles and the dispersing medium. But as the water cools, the molecules slow down and start to bond weakly to the hydrogen . (e.g. A hydrophilic colloid particle interacts strongly with water, resulting in a shell of tightly bound water molecules that prevents the particles from aggregating when they collide. A method called gel network stabilization represents the principal way to produce colloids stable to both aggregation and sedimentation. A gel is another type of colloid, where a liquid is dispersed through a solid. [24][25][26][27] This method, known as turbidimetry, is based on measuring the fraction of light that, after being sent through the sample, it backscattered by the colloidal particles. [45], Colloid solutions used in intravenous therapy belong to a major group of volume expanders, and can be used for intravenous fluid replacement. Type A, with isoionic point of 7 to 9, is derived from collagen with exclusively acid pretreatment. [35][36] These spherical particles precipitate in highly siliceous pools in Australia and elsewhere, and form these highly ordered arrays after years of sedimentation and compression under hydrostatic and gravitational forces. Finally, when the river meets the seawater which has a high concentration of salts the particles coagulate to form silt at the basin of the river. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin; blood itself is a colloid. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Therefore, local changes in concentration caused by sedimentation or creaming, and clumping together of particles caused by aggregation, are detected and monitored. Rubber and polystyrene form lyophilic colloids in non aqueous, organic solvents. Hence, cheese is colloidal solution of liquid in solid. However, the mobility of inorganic colloids is very low in compacted bentonites and in deep clay formations[42] Gelatin-based colloid fluids have been in clinical use since the 1950s and continue to maintain a presence among current fluid choices. Clinical trial findings for such fluid types in different patients' conditions are conflicting. Background Crystalloids and different component colloids, used for volume resuscitation, are sometimes associated with various adverse effects. The protective charge on the surface of the colloidal particles is overcome and the milk coagulates forming clumps of curds. The large number of experiments exploring the physics and chemistry of these so-called "colloidal crystals" has emerged as a result of the relatively simple methods that have evolved in the last 20 years for preparing synthetic monodisperse colloids (both polymer and mineral) and, through various mechanisms, implementing and preserving their long-range order formation.[39]. Colloids. The properties of suspensions, colloids, and solutions are summarized in Table \(\PageIndex{1}\). Colloids help in pulling fluid into the bloodstream. For example, argyrol is a silver sol used as an eye lotion. Gels are created when a liquid is dispersed by a solid, some examples are cheese, gelatin, and jelly. When heavy metals or radionuclides form their own pure colloids, the term "eigencolloid" is used to designate pure phases, i.e., pure Tc(OH)4, U(OH)4, or Am(OH)3. Despite the potential benefits of synthetic colloids as intravascular volume expanders, their safety has been called into question 1.In particular, concerns about the risk of starch-based colloids causing renal failure 2-4 have led to the intravenous synthetic colloids of choice for fluid resuscitation shifting towards albumin and succinylated gelatin-based solutions such as . 300 BLOOM GELATIN TYPE A . Colloids are very common in biological systems, because organic molecules can be much larger than most inorganic molecules. solid While toothpaste is solid in stillness, it still flows like a liquid (after all, you can't squeeze a total solid out of a tube). Explain how the add how the added salt coagulated the ferric hydroxide colloid. An emulsion is a colloidal dispersion of a liquid in either a liquid or a solid. This colloid type is emulsion when 2 type of liquids are being combined. B. Gelatin is a solid that can strengthen protein networks. The term colloidal suspension refers unambiguously to the overall mixture (although a narrower sense of the word suspension is distinguished from colloids by larger particle size). We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse effects in randomized and nonrandomized studies comparing gelatin with crystalloid or albumin for treatment of hypovolemia. Colloids are used for electrical precipitation of smoke, purification of drinking water, medicine, tanning, cleansing action of soap and detergent, photographic plates and films, Rubber Industry, in disinfectant, metallurgy, colloidal graphite. One liquid dispersed in another is known as an emulsion. [17], The kinetic process of destabilisation can be rather long (up to several months or even years for some products) and it is often required for the formulator to use further accelerating methods in order to reach reasonable development time for new product design. Temperature affects not only the viscosity, but also interfacial tension in the case of non-ionic surfactants or more generally interactions forces inside the system. As shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{4b}\), the hydrophobic tails are in the center of the bilayer, where they are not in contact with water, and the hydrophilic heads are on the two surfaces, in contact with the surrounding aqueous solution. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of particles of one substance distributed throughout a second phase; the dispersed particles separate from the dispersing phase on standing. Radionuclides and heavy metals easily sorb onto colloids suspended in water. Plasma expander, also known as plasma compatibilizer, is a plasma substitute. So, after aggregating their size fall in the colloidal range. Combining different substances can result in five main types of colloid mixtures: aerosols, foams, emulsions, sols and gels. Gelatin would be a homogeneous mixture. Consequently, phospholipids form bilayers, extended sheets consisting of a double layer of molecules. Answer: 1. Mucinous carcinoma may be found near or mixed with other more common types of breast cancer cells. The most widely used technique to monitor the dispersion state of a product, and to identify and quantify destabilization phenomena, is multiple light scattering coupled with vertical scanning. Larger particles also have a greater tendency to sediment because they have smaller Brownian motion to counteract this movement. [28] These phenomena are associated with unstable colloids. However, colloidal suspensions of higher-volume fraction form colloidal gels with viscoelastic properties. Human albumin is a solution derived from plasma. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. [15] Aggregation causes sedimentation or creaming, therefore the colloid is unstable: if either of these processes occur the colloid will no longer be a suspension. But also as the amphoteric electrolyte, it can be enable the condensation of the charged particles into pieces in the aqueous solution; it can be used as wine, alcohol clarifier. THOUGHT 1. Colloids where gases are dispersed in liquids or solids are known as foams. Examples: gold sol, sulphur sol etc. There is a huge number of products that we get to use either directly or indirectly on a daily basis. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. In an emulsion, one liquid contains a dispersion of the other liquid. There are also a few other volume expanders that may be used in certain situations: Examples of such substances are xanthan and guar gum. Red blood cells (approximately 6 micrometers in diameter and 2 micrometers in width) form a coarse dispersion in blood. A cell membrane is essentially a mixture of phospholipids that form a phospholipid bilayer. 11.7: Colloidal Suspensions is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Detergents and soaps are surprisingly soluble in water in spite of their hydrophobic tails. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. An antibacterial fibrous GE film was prepared by electrospinning the modified GE in an aqueous solution. A combination of the two mechanisms is also possible (electrosteric stabilization). A gel is another type of colloid, where a liquid is dispersed through a solid. Hydrocolloids contain some type of gel-forming agent, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and gelatin. PS: This mixture is caused by hydrolysis Hope this helped and let me know if you have further questions! Colloids share many properties with solutions. The question is less clear for small organic colloids often mixed in porewater with truly dissolved organic molecules. [46], Accelerating methods for shelf life prediction, Graham coined the term "colloid" in 1861. The backscattering intensity is directly proportional to the average particle size and volume fraction of the dispersed phase. Therefore, toothpaste is correctly classified as a colloid. Press ESC to cancel. So, when you eat it, it literally melts in the mouth. There are two principal ways to prepare colloids:[16], The stability of a colloidal system is defined by particles remaining suspended in solution and depends on the interaction forces between the particles. 6. Associated colloids: These are the colloids which behave as normal electrolytes at low concentration but as a colloid at higher concentration. Particle settling is hindered by the stiffness of the polymeric matrix where particles are trapped,[22] and the long polymeric chains can provide a steric or electrosteric stabilization to dispersed particles. This is termed as a solid aerosol. Specifically, it is a type of colloid known as a sol, a colloid of solid particles dispersed through another substance. Emulsions are colloids formed by the dispersion of a hydrophobic liquid in water, thereby bringing two mutually insoluble liquids, such as oil and water, in close contact. Colloid is a solution that has particles ranging between 1 and 1000 nanometres. 6 Is Jello a suspension colloid or solution? { "11.1:_Composition_of_Solutions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.2:_Nature_of_Dissolved_Species" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.3:_Reaction_Stoichiometry_in_Solutions:_Acid-Base_Titrations" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.4:_Reaction_Stoichiometry_in_Solutions:_Oxidation-Reduction_Titrations" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.5:_Phase_Equilibrium_in_Solutions_-_Nonvolatile_Solutes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.6:_Phase_Equilibrium_in_Solutions_-_Volatile_Solutes" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.7:_Colloidal_Suspensions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11.E:_Solutions_(Exercises)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "09:_The_Gaseous_State" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Solids_Liquids_and_Phase_Transitions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_Solutions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "showtoc:no", "license:ccbyncsa", "transcluded:yes", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FGeneral_Chemistry%2FMap%253A_Principles_of_Modern_Chemistry_(Oxtoby_et_al.