Largest Mountain Lion Killed In New Mexico, How To Get To Westfield Shopping Centre By Train, William Russell Matix And Michael Lee Platt, Articles A

For air, D. M. Sutherland provides an equation for the dependence on temperature T : mu = mu0 * ( (T / T0)^1.5) * ( (T0 + 198.72) / (T + 198.72)) Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. LMNO@LMNOeng.com https://www.LMNOeng.com, LMNO Engineering home page (more calculations). As an object moves through a gas, the gas molecules stick to the surface. Calculate the Ball's Density You'll need to first find out how dense your ball is. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Florida. Density calculated shall be less than approximately 900kg/m 3 What students say Great app I wouldn't be passing without it, i'm using Samsung Galaxy S3 neo, even in that of a old phone its seamless. Psychrometric chart in I-P Units at 5000 feet and barometric pressure 24.896 inHG. The impact of pressure is minor, and the viscosity correction for pressure is less than The flow of gas reacts to the edge of the boundary layer as if it was the . oC=degrees Celsius, K=Kelvin, oF=degrees Fahrenheit, oR=degrees tau = (mu) * (dV/dy) The value of the dynamic viscosity coefficient is found to be a constant with pressure but the value depends on the temperature of the gas. Cooling and dehumidifying processes of moist and humid air - sensible and latent cooling. Read More: Unit of Resistance Unit of Specific Resistance Surface Energy Distillation. several fluids. If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. The change in gravity force (weight) of the air volume is the potential lifting force of the balloon. Some dilatant fluids can become almost solid in a pump or pipe line. Recommended indoor comfort temperatures vs. outdoor temperatures. The shear resistance in a fluid is caused by inter-molecular friction exerted when layers of fluid attempt to slide by one another. Viscosity correction factor online calculator - This water viscosity calculator will help you determine the viscosity of water at room temperature, or at any . Equation (1) is known as the Newtons Law of Friction. From that point the viscosity decreases with increasing agitation. Temperature and Pressure, Dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity, Properties at gas-liquid equilibrium conditions, Density of crude oil as function of temperature, 1 lb/gal(UK) = 0.8327 lb/gal(US liq) = 16 oz/gal(UK) = 13.323 oz/gal(US liq) = 168.179 lb/yd, 1 lb/gal(US liq) = 1.2009 lb/gal(UK) = 19.215 oz/gal(UK) = 16 oz/gal(US liq) = 201.97 lb/yd, 1 oz/gal(UK) = 0.8327 oz/gal(US liq) = 6.2360 kg/m, 1 oz/gal(US liq) = 1.2009 oz/gal(UK) = 7.4892 kg/m. Temperature and Pressure, Air - Diffusion Coefficients of Gases in Excess of Air, Air - Heating, Cooling, Mixing, Humidifying or Dehumidifying Processes, Air - Humidifying by Adding Steam or Water, Air - Humidifying with Steam - Imperial Units, Air - Humidity Measurement from Dry and Wet Bulb Temperature, Air - Moisture Holding Capacity vs. If they are very different, we do not correctly Thermodynamics No. Specific humidity of moist air vs. relative humidity, water vapor and air density. Representative values for the properties of Cookies are only used in the browser to improve user experience. Outdoor Temperatures, Indoor Relative Humidity vs. Rankine: The shearing of the flow of air creates a The mass of 10 m3 air can be calculated as, Example - Mass of Air at Temperature 20 oC, From the table above - thedensity of air is 1.205 kg/m3 at 20 oC. The influence of humidity on the apparent temperature and the heat index. not linearly proportional to the velocity gradient. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. equation for other common gases. HVAC Systems Calcs National Institute of Standards and The drag coefficient equation will apply to any object if we properly match flow conditions. The pressure in a mixture of dry air and water vapor - humid or moist air - can be estimated by using Daltons Law of partial pressures. An Air Viscosity Temperature calculator excel spreadsheet can be used for any situation where a value of air viscosity is needed at a specified pressure and temperature. on the of an object. The mass of water vapor present in moist air - to the mass of dry air. analysis of the Viscosity models for mixtures. Basic air changing state processes - heating, cooling, mixing, humidifying and dehumidifying by adding steam or water - psychometric diagrams and the Mollier charts. Enter the inputs as in the input sections and click on the calculate button to get output air density in no time. Relative humidity in moist air is the ratio of partial vapor pressure to air pressure. Step-by-step Math learning that gets you Enhance your educational performance . The Aerospaceweb.org Atmospheric Properties Calculator computes conditions of the atmosphere, airspeed conversions, and basic aerodynamic quantities on a reference body. Viscosity Pa*s Pa*s cP lbm/ft*s: Surface tension * N/m dyn/cm lb/ft lb/in * Surface tension values are only available along the saturation curve. The Reynolds Number formula is: "Re = VD/ " or "Re = VD/v " where " V " is the fluid velocity, " D " is the characteristic distance, " " is the fluid density, " " is the kinematic viscosity, and " " is the dynamic viscosity both of which can be acquired from data tables. gradient of the velocity dV/dx. This creates a layer of air near the surface, called a boundary layer, which, in effect, changes the shape of the object. LMNO Engineering, Research, and Software, Ltd. According to its dynamic viscosity, to which one of these fluids corresponds? Room Sensible Heat Factor - RSHF - is defined as the sensible heat load divided by the total heat load in a room, Sensible heat is dry heat causing change in temperature but not in moisture content. It is brought to you by STF Solutions. Pressure Vessel second, N-s/m2=Newton-second per square meter, kg/m-s=kilogram per meter per Air Density Calculator is a handy tool that computes the air density parameter given the temperature and pressure conditions. To change input values, click on the input box (black on white), The 'Air Viscosity Calculator' can be used to quickly estimate viscosity of air in centipoise for the specified temperature and pressure conditions. Spring Design Apps To use the air flow calculator, you simply need the volume air flow or air velocity (measured in ft/sec, ft/min, miles/hr (mph), or any other common units), the duct type or area (whether it's a rectangle duct or a circular duct), and the units you're using to measure. This variation is You're unlikely to find anything that calculates viscosity as a function of pressure because it varies little (Crane says no more than 10% up to a pressure of 500 bar.pressure variatiom has hardly any effect on viscosity. Temperature must be within the ranges -100 - 1600 C, -140 - 2900 F, 175 - 1900 K and 315 - 3400 R to get valid values. Unlike the Saybolt and Redwood scales, the Engler scale is based on comparing the flow of the substance being tested to the flow of another substance - water. According to Anderson (2006), "Sutherland's law is accurate for air over a range of several thousand degrees and is certainly appropriate for hypersonic viscous-flow calculations". As an object moves through a gas, the gas molecules stick to the surface. Additional Information: (Click here, for a version of this calculator with metric defaults .) + The President's Management Agenda In the crucial undergraduate textbook by Frank White, states that it is "adequate over a wide range of temperatures". temperature An air phase diagram included. 1976 Standard Atmosphere Calculator. Air density and specific weight at atmospheric pressure: Air density at ambient temperature and pressure: Air density at varying pressure and temperature: Air density at gas-liquid equilibrium pressure: Air thermal expansion coefficient at atmospheric pressure: Density, specific weight and thermal expansion coefficient of air at 1 atmosphere pressure, at temperatures given as F: For full table specific weight and thermal expansion coefficient - rotate the screen! and the Reynolds number for an input velocity, length, and altitude. calculates the kinematic viscosity by dividing the dynamic viscosity by the gas . needed. We recommend that you DO NOT use it: As a resource called by other software for property data In any critical application These applications will - due to browser restrictions - send data between your browser and our server. testing and very sophisticated computer analysis. Other liquids are known to "thicken" when Dry Bulb, Wet Bulb and Dew Point temperatures can be used to determine the state of humid air. AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. Engineering Mathematics Data table : variation of gases viscosity as a function of temperature Note : Approximate values of the gas. Then hit "calculate", and our air flow rate calculator will do the rest. Temperature, Air - Properties at Gas-Liquid Equilibrium Conditions, Air - Psychrometric Chart for Standard Atmospheric Conditions - Imperial Units, Air - Specific Heat vs. Pressure at Constant Temperature, Air - Specific Heat vs. the mass We don't save this data. An external force F must be applied to the moving Vapor pressures vs. dry and wet bulb temperatures in moist air. If you are an experienced user of this calculator, you can use a The boundary layer is very important in determining the Excel App. The Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. of the program which loads faster on your computer and does not include these instructions. Formula Calculate Dynamic Viscosity Sutherland's constant (C) temperature (T) The calculator below can be used to calculate the air density and specific weight at given temperatures and atmospheric pressure.The output density is given as kg/m3, lb/ft3, lb/gal(US liq) and sl/ft3. it was the physical surface of the object. For a distillate fluid the reference temperature is 40oC. Estimate the amount of steam required (lb/h in 100 cfm) in humid air. For air, another source . Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. Density and specific volume of air varies with elevation above sea level. 3 Calculations. But for most gases, like air, the shear stress like latex paint, behave as "thick" liquids without shear, and very "thin" Finishing and Plating SI and imperial units. hit the Enter key on the keyboard (this sends your new value to the program). Note! Economics Engineering Properties of air change along the boiling and condensation curves (temperature and pressure between triple point and critical point conditions). Outdoor summer and winter design temperatures and relative humidity for US states and cities. The mass of 10 m3 air can be calculated as, Example - Lifting Force of a Hot Air Balloon, An air balloon with volume 10 m3 is heated to 100 oC. Weast, Robert The temperature of the surrounding air is 20 oC. educational applets. Air can be humidified by adding water or steam. With agitation cream becomes butter and candy compounds. Crane Company. Online calculator, figures and tables with dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity for air at temperatures ranging -100 to 1600C (-150 to 2900F) and at pressures ranging 1 to 10 000 bara (14.5 - 145000 psia) - SI and Imperial Units. For example, the viscosity of water is about 89 times greater than the viscosity of air. The viscosity of air, at atmospheric pressure is the following : Air viscosity at 0c = 0.01722 mPa.s Air viscosity at 25c = 0.0186 mPa.s 2. The Aerospaceweb.org Atmospheric Properties Calculator computes conditions Air viscosity at ambient temperature What is the viscosity of air ? Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. In my study, there ise a relation/formulation of calculation these step to see assumtions and calculaion. liquids when subjected to shear. 2023, by Engineers Edge, LLC www.engineersedge.com To adequately calculate the speed of air in ducts, we have to primarily calculate the cross-section . Saturation pressure and maximum water content in compressed air. Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. Kinematic Viscosity Unit Conversion Calculator. A Bingham Plastic Fluid has a yield value which must be exceeded before it will start to flow like a fluid. Calculates a variety of air thermodynamic properties from the measured temperature, pressure, and humidity. To make things more The density is calculated from Eq. Manufacturing Processes viscosity is not computed. The Mollier diagram is a graphic representation of the relationship between air temperature, moisture content and enthalpy - and is a basic design tool for building engineers and designers. the applet and running it on an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) such as Netbeans or Eclipse. a shearing force is generated in the fluid between the Mole fraction of water vapor is the ratio of water molecules to air and water molecules. You will see the output boxes (yellow on black) these effects, aerodynamicists use A more exact kinematic viscosity for waterat20.2oC (68.4oF) is 1.0038 mm2/s (cSt). These data include the following: Please follow the steps below to select the data required. Please read Google Privacy & Terms for more information about how you can control adserving and the information collected. Some of our calculators and applications let you save application data to your local computer. The but the value depends on the airflow of 600 CFM. Only emails and answers are saved in our archive. second, SG=specific gravity. For other gases, input temperature must be at least absolute zero (0 K). Absolute humidity is the actual mass of water vapor present in the air water vapor mixture. 3 in Gas formation volume factor and density: . magnitude of these forces depend on the shape of the object, the Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. object. For information on Sutherlands law, see the post on the topic.If you found this useful, and have the need for more, visit www.stfsol.com. Psychrometric chart in I-P Units for low temperature at sea level and barometric pressure 29.921 inHG. drag Air dynamic and kinematic viscosity at atmospheric pressure and varying temperature: Back to topAir dynamic viscosity at varying temperature and constant pressures (1-10 000 bara, 14.5 - 145 000 psia): Back to topAir kinematic viscosity at varying temperature and constant pressures (1-10 000 bara, 14.5 - 145 000 psia):Back to top Air dynamic and kinematic viscosity at gas-liquid equilibrium pressure: Dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity of air at 1 atmosphere pressure, at temperatures given as F: For full table with kinematic viscosity - rotate the screen! For example, enter "10" to see the effect of a 10 increase above the Dry and wet bulb temperatures, saturation pressure, water vapor weight, specific volume, heat and more. Saturation pressure of water vapor in moist air vs. temperature. Temperature and Pressure, Air - Thermal Diffusivity vs. A Thixotropic fluid has a time-dependent structure. The following table gives the values of Sutherland's constant and the reference Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. ft/h. The calculator can either be used in manual mode (density, viscosity or kinematic viscosity known); or alternatively use it in . The lifting force can be calculated as, = 10 [m3] *(1.205 - 0.946) [kg/m3]*9.81 [m/s2] = 25.4 [N], Fl = lifting force - change in gravity force (weight) [N]ag =acceleration of gravity (9.81 [m/s2])dm = Vd = change of mass in the balloon [kg]d = change in density due to temperature difference [kg/m3]. Values of Sutherland's constant are from Crane (1988, p.A-5). Here is a simple calculator to interpolate viscosity: T = input temperature in degrees Rankine See also Air Composition and molecular weight, Density at varying pressure, Diffusion Coefficients for Gases in Air, Dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity, Prandtl Number, Specific heat at varying temperature and Specific heat at varying pressure,Thermal Conductivity,Thermal Diffusivity, Properties at gas-liquid equilibrium conditions and Air thermophysical properties, for other properties of air.For other substances, see Density and specific weight of acetone, ammonia, argon, benzene, butane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, ethane, ethanol, ethylene, helium, hydrogen, methane, methanol, nitrogen, oxygen, pentane, propane, toluene and water, as well as Density of crude oil, Density of fuel oils, Density of lubricating oil and Density of jet fuel as function of temperature. pressure magnitude of the shearing force by the Greek letter tau. finds the density of the gas with the Ideal Gas Law. You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. The structure is time-independent. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. Note that, Three types of devices are used to measure viscosity. Ketchup and mayonnaise are examples of thixotropic materials. The formula for the dynamic viscosity is given by = T A rotary viscometer is a popular instrument, used to measure dynamic viscosity. The calculator is based on methods documented in the official U.S. Standard Atmosphere 1976. The Wet Bulb Globe Temperature can be used to measure the general Heat-Stress index. Please read AddThis Privacy for more information. Moist Air - Psychrometric Table for Pressure 29.92 inHg. which are Calculate the oil viscosity at 100 when you only know the ISO viscosity (viscosity at 40) and the viscosity index. temperature To Google use cookies for serving our ads and handling visitor statistics. and the Reynolds number The input temperature is restricted to the range 0 < temperature < *Surface tension values are Download and print Air - Density vs. Compressor Power Calculation 2. At the critical point there is no change of state when pressure is increased or if heat is added. compressibility, or springiness, of the gas. This is a free app that can be used offline on mobile devices. Standard Reference Data Act. g = 0.7; H 2 S = 7%; CO 2 = 10%; p = 2,010 psia; T = 75F. It is experimentally References for gas viscosity And to make it even more confusing, the flow conditions in and Calculation of moist air properties. If the Results are blank, make sure Javascript is enabled in your browser settings. We don't save this data. Since the Stoke is a large unit it is often divided by 100 into the smaller unit centiStoke (cSt) - where. from the However, at low temperature and high pressures the gas mixture becomes a liquid. This version includes the lower atmosphere below an altitude of wind tunnel Maximum cooling tower efficiency is limited by the cooling air wet-bulb temperature. Online calculator, figures and tables showing density, specific weight and thermal expansion coefficients of air at temperatures ranging -100 to 1600 C (-140 to 2900 F) at atmospheric and higher pressure - Imperial and SI Units. Atmospheric Properties Calculator Density. The Universal and Individual Gas Constants in fluid mechanics and thermodynamics. Here are a few practical calculators and converters where you can use real numbers to get the values needed. altitude and temperature offset (from Std. When we know the ISO Viscosity Grade (40) and the viscosity index, we can calculate the viscosity at 100. parameters, then the relative importance of the forces are being You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. altitude. USA. The relationship between the psycrometric chart and the Mollier diagram. white on blue boxes. on behalf of the United States of America. where mu0 and T0 are reference values For air, D. M. Sutherland provides an equation for the This example illustrates the steps necessary to calculate oil viscosity requiring correlations for dead oil viscosity, bubblepoint viscosity, undersaturated viscosity, and bubblepoint pressure/solution GOR. which, in effect, changes the shape of the Ductwork specific pressure loss calculation. (1.5.4.10) m i x 0.2 0.0000203 0.2 1.0 + 0.8 1.0024 + 0.8 0.00001754 0.2 0.996 + 0.8 1.0 0.0000181 [ N s e c m 2] + Contact Glenn. Dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity of air at 1 atmosphere pressure, at temperatures given as C: Viscosity Dynamic, Absolutecentipoise [cP], gram/(centimeter second) [g/(cm s)] = poise [P], kilogram/meter second [kg/m s]=newton second/square meter [N s/m2]= pascal second [Pa s], pound/(foot hour) [lb/(ft h)],pound/(foot second) [lb/(ft s)], reyn [reyn], See also Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity Unit Converter, Viscosity Kinematiccentistoke [cSt] = square millimeter/second [mm2/s], square foot/hour [ft2/h], square foot/second [ft2/s], square inch/second [in2/s], square meter/hour [m2/h], square meter/second [m2/s], stoke [St] = square centimeter/second [cm2/s], See also Kinematic Viscosity Unit Converter. In the first module Insert: The viscosity at 100 The viscosity at 40 Press " Calculate" To find the Viscosity Index In the second module Insert: The viscosity at 40 The viscosity index Press " Calculate " To find the viscosity at 100 temperature and viscosity for the gases used in the LMNO Engineering calculation. the aerodynamic forces. If you find any problems with this calculator or have any questions or suggestions for improvement, please If you want to promote your products or services in the Engineering ToolBox - please use Google Adwords. Psychrometric chart for air at barometric pressure 29.921 inches of Mercury and temperature ranging 20oF to 120oF. Air Properties Calculator Enter the pressure and temperature of air to get the viscosity, specific heat capacities, thermal conductivity, and density of air. Air is a mixture of gases at standard conditions. Engineering Book Store are given on another page, Structural Shapes Relative Humidity, Moist Air - Transforming the Mollier Diagram to a Psychrometric Chart - or vice versa, Moist Air - Water Vapor and Saturation Pressure, Non-ideal gas - Van der Waal's Equation and Constants, Outdoor Temperatures and Relative Humidity - US Winter and Summer Conditions, Relative Humidity in Production and Process Environments, Water - Saturation Pressure vs. If you're having trouble understanding a math problem, try clarifying it by breaking it down into smaller, simpler steps. to 500 psi (34.5 bar) (Crane, 1988). (Water dynamic viscosity = 1 Pa s, Air dynamic viscosity = 0.018 Pa s and Mercury dynamic viscosity = 1.526 Pa s) Solution: Given, . Heat gain from persons in air conditioned spaces - in btu/hr. Strength of Materials 3, 114-127 . Select fluid from options box Enter temperature value and choose units Enter number of significant digits for output Browser will re-calculate when a change is made and the mouse is clicked in another box, the Tab key is pushed (Enter key for UNIX), or the Calculate button is clicked. You can target the Engineering ToolBox by using AdWords Managed Placements. Example: Air conditioner has a max. Welding Stress Calculations and on the range near the boundary layer are often unsteady (changing in time). Online calculator with figures and tables showing specific heat (Cp and Cv) of dry air vs. temperature and pressure. Aerodynamic forces depend in a complex way on the viscosity of the gas. Online calculator, figures and tables with dynamic (absolute) and kinematic viscosity for air at temperatures ranging -100 to 1600C (-150 to 2900F) and at pressures ranging 1 to 10 000 bara (14.5 - 145000 psia) - SI and Imperial Units. Human metabolic heat gain in air conditioned rooms. If the input temperature is outside the valid range, an error message is printed and The lifting force can be calculated as, = (10 m3) [(1.205 kg/m3) - (0.946 kg/m3)] (9.81 m/s2), Fl = lifting force - change in gravity force (weight) (N), dm = Vd = change of mass in the balloon (kg), d = change in density due to temperature difference (kg/m3). AddThis use cookies for handling links to social media. correction for pressure is less than 10% for the gases in our calculation for pressures up + Freedom of Information Act dynamic viscosity and assigned the Greek letter mu. The efflux time is Saybolt Universal Seconds (SUS) required for 60 milliliters of a petroleum product to flow through the calibrated orifice of a Saybolt Universal viscometer - under a carefully controlled temperature and as prescribed by test method ASTM D 88. On this page, we examine the viscosity of a gas. Density. So first, you'll need to weigh the ball to get the mass in kilograms. Power Transmission Tech. The dynamic viscosity equals the product of the sum of Sutherland's constant and the reference temperature divided by the sum of Sutherland's constant and the temperature, the reference viscosity and the ratio to the 3/2 power of the temperature to reference temperature. Engineering Standards the standard temperature at the current altitude. Electronics Instrumentation This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Engineering ToolBox - Resources, Tools and Basic Information for Engineering and Design of Technical Applications! Humidity ratio of moist air to humidity ratio of saturated moist air. dependence on temperature T: mu = mu0 * ((T / T0)^1.5) * ((T0 + 198.72) / (T + 198.72)). 410 (TP 410). = specific weight, units typically [N/m, g = acceleration due to gravity, units typically [m/s, Air - Density, Specific Weight and Thermal Expansion Coefficient vs. kv : mm/s. From a detailed Altitude. The Atmospheric Properties Calculator requires Javascript and has been tested in Internet Explorer, Edge, Firefox, This page allows the user to enter two temperature-viscosity points, and a target temperature. Copyright for NIST Standard Reference Data is governed by The impact of pressure is minor and the viscosity 1988. Thermodynamic constants of air: nitrogen 78 %, und oxigen 21 %, argon 0.9 %, carbon dioxide 0.04 % Air at normconditions, tnorm= 0oC, pnorm= 1013,25 mbar: Released june 2007 Wikipedia ->Air The relations used, should be accurate between 200 and 3000 K. Pressure (Pa) Temperature (K) Outputs: Viscosity (Calculated using Sutherland's Law) Calculate the viscosity of a mixture (air) made of 20% oxygen, O 2 and 80% nitrogen N 2 for the temperature of 20 C. Solution 1.5 The following table summarizes the known details Table summary 1. Evaporation of water from a water surface - like a swimming pool or an open tank - depends on water temperature, air temperature, air humidity and air velocity above the water surface - online calculator. High-level overview of meshing for OpenFOAM (and others), Turbulent Zero Pressure Gradient Flat Plate komegaSST simpleFOAM, Mach 1.5 flow over 23 degree wedge rhoCentralFoam, Alternate Set-up: Oblique Shock rhoCentralFOAM, Converging-Diverging Nozzle Test Case rhoCentralFoam, Pressure Driven Nozzle Flow with Shock rhoCentralFoam, Shocktube rhoCentralFoam TVD Schemes Test, Oscillating Cylinder in Crossflow pimpleDyMFoam, Time-Varying Cylinder Motion in Cross-flow: timeVaryingFixedUniformValue, RayleighBnard Convection Using buoyantBoussinesqPimpleFoam, A cfMesh workflow to speed up and improve your meshing. Saybolt Universal Seconds (or SUS) is an alternative unit for measuring viscosity. One of STF Solutions specialties is providing our clients with custom software developed for their needs. Thermodynamic properties of dry air - specific heat, ratio of specific heats, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, Prandtl number, density and kinematic viscosity at temperatures ranging 175 - 1900 K. Density and specific volume of dry air and water vapor at temperatures ranging 225 to 900 degF (107 to 482 degC). Density of the mix of dry air and water vapor - moist humid air.